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View Full Version : Say hello, to MASS EXTINCTION EVENT 6, everyone!



bobgnote
11-20-2013, 01:49 PM
In each of the previous 5 mass extinctions, on Earth, atmospheric and aqueous CO2 has risen, faster than organisms can adjust, and so most life forms perish.

For review are the 5 previous mass extinctions and this, Mass Extinction Event 6, which I will abbreviate, as "M.E.E.6."

Our atmospheric and aqueous CO2 is rising, faster, than ever before, in geologic history.

Accompanying this nasty event are industrial greenhouse gasses (abbreviated "GHGs") and fast out-gassing methane, CH4, which is coming from human activity and from melting permafrost and perennial ice, including from formerly frozen sea-floor areas, leading to huge, mile-wide bubble areas, from melted clathrates.

Methane is a nasty GHG, many times more potent, than is CO2, which is also for review, here.

Since perennial ice is warming or melting, some volcanoes, like KATLA, in Iceland are going toward an eruption, from relief of glacial pressure, on magma chamber areas.

As the sea level rises, heavier tides will cause volcanic activity, in ANAK and other nasty volcanoes.

The particulate pollution will cause a temporary lapse, in warming, but then this will settle, all over ice, and when the air clears, more CO2 is in the atmosphere, with NO2 and SO2.

For this reason, volcanic activity is associated, with previous mass extinctions, and 6 will be no exception. Either the eruptions happen, from melted ice, or they melt ice, and eruptions happen.

We don't want that to happen, but hey! If people like tea so much, they won't wake up and SMELL THE COFFEE, hey now! Humans won't keep 7.1 billion on Earth, forever.

Also to be decided is if derpists and petro-gangsters will suffer legal liability, for their nuisance media, leading to actual damages, from climate change.

Hell, I hope so. :cool2:

bobgnote
11-20-2013, 01:54 PM
Good info, from Brighton:

http://www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk/gw/paleo/400000yrfig.htm

Cthulhu
11-20-2013, 01:59 PM
In each of the previous 5 mass extinctions, on Earth, atmospheric and aqueous CO2 has risen, faster than organisms can adjust, and so most life forms perish.

For review are the 5 previous mass extinctions and this, Mass Extinction Event 6, which I will abbreviate, as "M.E.E.6."

Our atmospheric and aqueous CO2 is rising, faster, than ever before, in geologic history.

Accompanying this nasty event are industrial greenhouse gasses (abbreviated "GHGs") and fast out-gassing methane, CH4, which is coming from human activity and from melting permafrost and perennial ice, including from formerly frozen sea-floor areas, leading to huge, mile-wide bubble areas, from melted clathrates.

Methane is a nasty GHG, many times more potent, than is CO2, which is also for review, here.

Since perennial ice is warming or melting, some volcanoes, like KATLA, in Iceland are going toward an eruption, from relief of glacial pressure, on magma chamber areas.

As the sea level rises, heavier tides will cause volcanic activity, in ANAK and other nasty volcanoes.

The particulate pollution will cause a temporary lapse, in warming, but then this will settle, all over ice, and when the air clears, more CO2 is in the atmosphere, with NO2 and SO2.

For this reason, volcanic activity is associated, with previous mass extinctions, and 6 will be no exception. Either the eruptions happen, from melted ice, or they melt ice, and eruptions happen.

We don't want that to happen, but hey! If people like tea so much, they won't wake up and SMELL THE COFFEE, hey now! Humans won't keep 7.1 billion on Earth, forever.

Also to be decided is if derpists and petro-gangsters will suffer legal liability, for their nuisance media, leading to actual damages, from climate change.

Hell, I hope so. :cool2:

How is Pastor Al Gore doing these days?

bobgnote
11-20-2013, 02:01 PM
Here's the Brighton graph, "400K large":

4630

Note how the red CO2-line runs way, WAY UP, over at the right, at the end of the plot.

That is human activity, getting it on, causing climate to change.

That CO2 is accompanied, by industrial GHGs, CH4, and defoliation, which means it's time to STOP POLLUTION AND POLLUTERS, NOW, or else we are going to lose a lot of people, suddenly, out of control, with all the other life forms, which are failing or vanished, already.

No other outcome is possible or to be expected.

Organisms cannot react, to the sudden accumulation, of CO2, leading to other trouble, for life forms.

Unless the stupid and greedy humans somehow die, FIRST, we stand no chance, of survival, as a viable form.

Just saying! Happy Thanksgiving!

I guess that Oboomboom kid will pardon another turkey, but he has only been good, for one prisoner, so far.

bobgnote
11-20-2013, 02:03 PM
How is Pastor Al Gore doing these days?

Al is a media prostitute, who has no idea why the US should minimize corruption or its several pollutions, but if you want to follow Al the puto, you should read elsewhere.

Cthulhu
11-20-2013, 02:08 PM
Al is a media prostitute, who has no idea why the US should minimize corruption or its several pollutions, but if you want to follow Al the puto, you should read elsewhere.

I think the sudden proliferation of sinkholes is more worthy of our attentions. That and the exponential increase of seismic activity of the last hundred years - before 'global warming'.

nic34
11-20-2013, 05:03 PM
The world is full of people who have never, since childhood, met an open doorway with an open mind.
-E. B. White

The Sage of Main Street
11-20-2013, 05:14 PM
In each of the previous 5 mass extinctions, on Earth, atmospheric and aqueous CO2 has risen, faster than organisms can adjust, and so most life forms perish.

For review are the 5 previous mass extinctions and this, Mass Extinction Event 6, which I will abbreviate, as "M.E.E.6."

Our atmospheric and aqueous CO2 is rising, faster, than ever before, in geologic history.

Accompanying this nasty event are industrial greenhouse gasses (abbreviated "GHGs") and fast out-gassing methane, CH4, which is coming from human activity and from melting permafrost and perennial ice, including from formerly frozen sea-floor areas, leading to huge, mile-wide bubble areas, from melted clathrates.

Methane is a nasty GHG, many times more potent, than is CO2, which is also for review, here.

Since perennial ice is warming or melting, some volcanoes, like KATLA, in Iceland are going toward an eruption, from relief of glacial pressure, on magma chamber areas.

As the sea level rises, heavier tides will cause volcanic activity, in ANAK and other nasty volcanoes.

The particulate pollution will cause a temporary lapse, in warming, but then this will settle, all over ice, and when the air clears, more CO2 is in the atmosphere, with NO2 and SO2.

For this reason, volcanic activity is associated, with previous mass extinctions, and 6 will be no exception. Either the eruptions happen, from melted ice, or they melt ice, and eruptions happen.

We don't want that to happen, but hey! If people like tea so much, they won't wake up and SMELL THE COFFEE, hey now! Humans won't keep 7.1 billion on Earth, forever.

Also to be decided is if derpists and petro-gangsters will suffer legal liability, for their nuisance media, leading to actual damages, from climate change.

Hell, I hope so. :cool2:


Woowoo. Have you sold your script to Hollywood yet?

countryboy
11-20-2013, 05:35 PM
Our atmospheric and aqueous CO2 is rising, faster, than ever before, in geologic history

And who exactly has been monitoring co2 levels throughout geological history?

bobgnote
11-21-2013, 01:02 PM
I think the sudden proliferation of sinkholes is more worthy of our attentions. That and the exponential increase of seismic activity of the last hundred years - before 'global warming'.

Dya think seismic upturns might be related, to SEA LEVEL RISE?

Heard of heavy tides, washing over plates and faults, et al? Dya think?

Corrupt human activity begat global warming, climate change, and derivatives, of all sorts, see Pandora's Box.

Peter1469
11-21-2013, 01:05 PM
Dya think seismic upturns might be related, to SEA LEVEL RISE?

Heard of heavy tides, washing over plates and faults, et al? Dya think?

Corrupt human activity begat global warming, climate change, and derivatives, of all sorts, see Pandora's Box.What caused climate change 1000 years ago?

Peter1469
11-21-2013, 01:10 PM
Not all Mass Extinction Events (http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/mass-extinction/)were caused by CO2 increases / climate change.

bobgnote
11-21-2013, 01:22 PM
And who exactly has been monitoring co2 levels throughout geological history?

You might run a sciencey search, focusing on the EPA, skeptical science, or major universities.

It turns out, geologists do all sorts of field studies, to collect ice cores, tree rings, fossils, and gawd-knows-whut, which provide critical EVIDENCE, for SCIENTIFIC THEORIES, all of which point to CO2 as a critical forcing factor, in catastrophic climate change, which is underway, leading us into M.E.E.6.

bobgnote
11-21-2013, 01:28 PM
What caused climate change 1000 years ago?

Humans were getting industry to go, but the main forcer was solar remission, including as the Maunder Minimum.

Nat Geo thinks we are on the cusp, of another such minimum, but we won't be losing enough heat, to go cold, again, due to runaway GREENHOUSE EFFECTS, yet unfelt, but well on the way.

Heard of METHANE, CH4? When it melts, it gets into the atmosphere, and all hell breaks loose.

We are passing that tipping point, NOW.

bobgnote
11-21-2013, 01:49 PM
Not all Mass Extinction Events (http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/mass-extinction/)were caused by CO2 increases / climate change.


The causes of these mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries, though volcanic eruptions and the impacts of large asteroids or comets are prime suspects in many of the cases. Both would eject tons of debris into the atmosphere, darkening the skies for at least months on end. Starved of sunlight, plants and plant-eating creatures would quickly die. Space rocks and volcanoes could also unleash toxic and heat-trapping gases that—once the dust settled—enable runaway global warming.

An extraterrestrial impact is most closely linked to the Cretaceous extinction event. A huge crater off Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula is dated to about 65 million years ago, coinciding with the extinction. Global warming fueled by volcanic eruptions at the Deccan Flats in India may also have aggravated the event. Whatever the cause, dinosaurs, as well as about half of all species on the planet, went extinct.

Massive floods of lava erupting from the central Atlantic magmatic province about 200 million years ago may explain the Triassic-Jurassic extinction. About 20 percent of all marine families went extinct, as well as most mammal-like creatures, many large amphibians, and all non-dinosaur archosaurs. An asteroid impact is another possible cause of the extinction, though a telltale crater has yet to be found.

This Nat Geo rant is not dated, which is typical, of poor websites, which get petrodollars and nuclear geek money.


Largest Ever Die-Off
The Permian-Triassic extinction event about 250 million years ago was the deadliest: More than 90 percent of all species perished. Many scientists believe an asteroid or comet triggered the massive die-off, but, again, no crater has been found. Another strong contender is flood volcanism from the Siberian Traps, a large igneous province in Russia. Impact-triggered volcanism is yet another possibility.

Starting about 360 million years ago, a drawn-out event eliminated about 70 percent of all marine species from Earth over a span of perhaps 20 million years. Pulses, each lasting 100,000 to 300,000 years, are noted within the larger late Devonian extinction. Insects, plants, and the first proto-amphibians were on land by then, though the extinctions dealt landlubbers a severe setback.

The Ordovician-Silurian extinction, about 440 million years ago, involved massive glaciations that locked up much of the world's water as ice and caused sea levels to drop precipitously. The event took its hardest toll on marine organisms such as shelled brachiopods, eel-like conodonts, and the trilobites.

Happening Now?
Today, many scientists think the evidence indicates a sixth mass extinction is under way. The blame for this one, perhaps the fastest in Earth's history, falls firmly on the shoulders of humans. By the year 2100, human activities such as pollution, land clearing, and overfishing may have driven more than half of the world's marine and land species to extinction.

Not a bit of analysis went into CO2 or oceanic acidifycation or methane, leading to the greenhouse effect.

Nat Geo really is unreliable, yo? Get to the EPA.gov or skepticalscience.com or DARPA.gov or somewhere, for reliable media.

Radical CO2 changes were part of every one, of the previous 5 mass extinctions, if you know any science or good media, not evident, at Nat Geo.

Either the CO2 went up, such as when volcanic activity spewed this, with NO2 and SO2, to acidify waters and defoliate, or it went down, too slowly, such as during severe glaciation, when sea levels dropped, but oceans were too acidic, to respirate existing acidity, while foliage was not evident, on land.

FYI: The missing bollide impact, for the KT is likely down, near Australia, to cause the SIBERIAN TRAPS ERUPTIONS, while the Cretacious featured the Yucatan impact, which was the likely cause, of the DECCAN TRAPS ERUPTIONS.

The big traps keep erupting, for hundreds of thousands or even for a million-and-a-half years, eh?

This out-gasses, guess what! CO2, NO2, SO2. QED. CO2 comes on, too fast, and everything dies. EVERYTHING DIES.

When the ice melts, so does frozen methane, which exacerbates melting, while volcanic eruptions then may temporarily disrupt warming.

NFL.

When the air clears, particulates are all over any ice, during defoliation.

Warming and melting follow, without evident accumulation, of frozen methane.

The CO2 and CH4 have to be respirated, before any Milankovitch-related cooling, leading to reglaciation.

If the foliage is all cleared, and oceans are too acidic, a freeze can cause a mass extinction, but more usual is a hot-house, where both seismic and volcanic events are shaking up the place, too much, for plants and animals, which cannot tolerate acidic waters, algae blooms, and jellyfish explosions.

Un-dated Nat Geo simply will not suffice, for definitive media.

bobgnote
11-21-2013, 01:57 PM
Woowoo. Have you sold your script to Hollywood yet?

Al Gore has books and at least one movie.

Al Gore is a guy, who wants carbon credit scamming, but all during his political career, he disdained legal pot, since if we had legal pot, we'd have industrial hemp, which the Democrats have been blowing off, since FDR signed the Hemp Stamp Tax Act, of 1937, passed in 15 minutes, by a corrupt Congress.

Then FDR moved the Pacific Fleet, to Pearl, to bait the IJN, while suppressing all intel into and alerts by Pearl forces.

After the US lost a flock, of North Carolina-class battleships and the PPI, we lost Battle of Coral Sea and Battle of Iron Bottom Sound, while Guadalcanal dragged on.

Of course, FDR signed G.O.9066, interring those scape-goated Japanese-Americans, whose property was confiscated.

Hollywood sucks, actually.

If I were a serious media honcho, I'd sell something, to BOARDWALK EMPIRE or to GAME OF THRONES, both extended, on good TV.

Here's a clue: EXPECT THE 2020s, to ROAR. Nyuk, nyuk, woo-woo.

The Sage of Main Street
11-21-2013, 02:46 PM
Al Gore has books and at least one movie.

Al Gore is a guy, who wants carbon credit scamming, but all during his political career, he disdained legal pot, since if we had legal pot, we'd have industrial hemp, which the Democrats have been blowing off,


After the US lost a flock, of North Carolina-class battleships and the PPI, we lost Battle of Coral Sea and Battle of Iron Bottom Sound, while Guadalcanal dragged on.

Hollywood sucks, actually.

If I were a serious media honcho, I'd sell something, to BOARDWALK EMPIRE or to GAME OF THRONES, both extended, on good TV.

Here's a clue: EXPECT THE 2020s, to ROAR. Nyuk, nyuk, woo-woo.


Many oil tankers and ships leaking their fuel were sunk in the war, plus fires and dust from the Total War bombing of cities. All ocean life would have gone extinct and humans would have choked to death on land if the Warmalarmists had any point.

These self-righteous sheep are led by sons of industrial executives who hate their fathers. These Oedipal spoiled brats want to shut down all industry to get even with Daddy.

lynn
11-21-2013, 08:37 PM
Mass extinction events happen whether humans are here or not.

Contrails
11-21-2013, 10:01 PM
What caused climate change 1000 years ago?

You mean when global temperature increased by 0.4 °C over the course of about 500 years?

bobgnote
11-22-2013, 03:42 PM
Here's the Brighton graph, "400K large":

4630

Note how the red CO2-line runs way, WAY UP, over at the right, at the end of the plot.

That is human activity, getting it on, causing climate to change.

That CO2 is accompanied, by industrial GHGs, CH4, and defoliation, which means it's time to STOP POLLUTION AND POLLUTERS, NOW, or else we are going to lose a lot of people, suddenly, out of control, with all the other life forms, which are failing or vanished, already.

No other outcome is possible or to be expected.

Organisms cannot react, to the sudden accumulation, of CO2, leading to other trouble, for life forms.

Unless the stupid and greedy humans somehow die, FIRST, we stand no chance, of survival, as a viable form.

Just saying! Happy Thanksgiving!

I guess that Oboomboom kid will pardon another turkey, but he has only been good, for one prisoner, so far.

The graph shown is of consummate interest because the last several glacial cycles are really regular, lasting 80-120K years, while CO2 bottoms out, at about 180 ppm, to peak, at around 300 ppm.

The idea that mass extinctions happened, without humans is not relevant, since humans are present, and humans are causing M.E.E.6, not only by instigating climate change-related extinctions, but by introducing and wiping out species and habitats.

If American internet mavens burn enough bandwidth, with denial adverts, liability issues may crop up, in some ICC or civil action, soon!

It seems some of the people clowning around are connected, to peTROLLeum companies, you see!

bobgnote
11-30-2013, 11:17 AM
OK, here's a better site, describing the previous 5 mass extinctions:

http://www.skepticalscience.com/Earths-five-mass-extinction-events.html


There have been five mass extinction events throughout Earth's history:

The first great mass extinction event took place at the end of the Ordovician, when according to the fossil record, 60% of all genera of both terrestrial and marine life worldwide were exterminated.

360 million years ago in the Late Devonian period, the environment that had clearly nurtured reefs for at least 13 million years turned hostile and the world plunged into the second mass extinction event.

The fossil record of the end Permian mass extinction reveals a staggering loss of life: perhaps 80–95% of all marine species went extinct. Reefs didn't reappear for about 10 million years, the greatest hiatus in reef building in all of Earth history.

The end Triassic mass extinction is estimated to have claimed about half of all marine invertebrates. Around 80% of all land quadrupeds also went extinct.

The end Cretaceous mass extinction 65 million years ago is famously associated with the demise of the dinosaurs. Virtually no large land animals survived. Plants were also greatly affected while tropical marine life was decimated. Global temperature was 6 to 14°C warmer than present with sea levels over 300 metres higher than current levels. At this time, the oceans flooded up to 40% of the continents.

What caused these mass extinctions? To find the major driver of coral extinction, Veron 2008 looks at the possible options and eliminates many as the primary cause. A meteorite strike is capable of creating huge dust clouds that lead to devastating darkness and cold. However, if this were the cause of coral reef extinction, 99% of the world's coral species would be wiped out in weeks or months. The fossil record shows coral extinction occurred over much longer periods.

Warmer temperatures cause mass bleaching of corals. However, even in a warmer world, deep ocean temperatures would still remain well below surface temperatures and there would be safe havens where cooler water upwells from the deep ocean. That's not to say meteorites or global warming played no part in coral extinction - both have been contributing factors at various times. But they cannot fully explain the nature of coral extinctions as observed in the fossil record.

What Veron 2008 found was each mass extinction event corresponded to periods of quickly changing atmospheric CO2. When CO2 changes slowly, the gradual increase allows mixing and buffering of surface layers by deep ocean sinks. Marine organisms also have time to adapt to the new environmental conditions. However, when CO2 increases abruptly, the acidification effects are intensified in shallow waters owing to a lack of mixing. It also gives marine life little time to adapt.

So rate of change is a key variable in nature's ability to adapt. The current rate of change in CO2 levels has no known precedent. Oceans don't respond instantly to a CO2 build-up, so the full effects of acidification take decades to centuries to develop. This means we will have irretrievably committed the Earth to the acidification process long before its effects become anywhere near as obvious as those of mass bleaching today. If we continue business-as-usual CO2 emissions, ocean pH will eventually drop to a point at which a host of other chemical changes such as anoxia (an absence of oxygen) are expected. If this happens, the state of the oceans at the end Cretaceous 65 million years ago will become a reality and the Earth will enter the sixth mass extinction.

Get it? CO2 CHANGED, quickly, too fast, for Earth's organisms to adapt.

That means oceanic acidification, methane freezing or melting, volcanoes blasting or quieting, sunspots, and Milankovitch cycles were all contributing causes, to climate change, leading to mass extinction, ONLY AFTER CO2 CONDITIONS TRENDED.

bobgnote
11-30-2013, 11:24 AM
Dead zones in the oceans are already evident.

Relatively acidic colder waters are creeping toward the tropics, from the poles. As ice melts, it decreases pH, of the surrounding waters.

As perennial ice melts, we start to lose the northern ice albedo (reflectivity), so when that fails, one summer, a trend of absorption of more energy, during northern summers, will become established, which is a major tipping point, in the course of runaway global warming, toward climate change disasters.

As the ice melts, the melts cool the oceans and the atmosphere, which with low relative solar intensity is why we don't have a hot-house planet, RIGHT NOW. The oceans are absorbing CO2, to become more acidic, which is why the destruction of forests hasn't caused CO2 to get higher, than 400 ppm, when 280 ppm is the normal Pleistocene-Holocene concentration maximum.

CH4 (methane) is out-gassing, with more CO2, from warming lands and waters. When the northern polar ice fails, the oceans will start to warm, and they will start to fail, at re-cycling CO2, to H2CO3 and CaCO3.

When the oceans begin to fail, at taking in fresh CO2, some seas will become caustic, other seas will become anoxic, and you can give up on sushi and shark fin soup. CO2 and still more CH4 will out-gas, even faster, from the warming oceans, while forests fail, from drought and related insect infestations.

Our pine forests in North America are ready to burn, since they just went through droughts, which weakened them, so pine beetles have ravaged them.

The cod and tuna are failing. Oyster larvae just had a big die-off, in the Pacific NW. The oceanic habitat will yield dominance, to jellyfish. As the waters warm, HS2 respirators will evolve, like they have, in past mass extinctions.

Dying time is here.

The failure of oceanic life forms will be more dramatic, before the land habitats fail.

President Obama promised to prioritize global warming and climate change, 2008, 2010, and 2012.

But imposing carbon credits on this problem, like Obama and Gore, et al keep advocating is like increasing the price of admission, to the HIV-infested bath-houses, which are now CLOSED.

Fracking advocates have enjoyed complete relief, from regulation, but using natural gas, which releases sequestered carbon is like letting meth dealers get into the bath-houses, to sell cleaner crank, as if that will stop the problem, of shared needles and unprotected gay sex, in the now-closed bath-houses.

Gee, thanks for the belated endorsement, of same-sex marriage, Mr.President, with Joe Biden trying to be a media patsy. Will the ice re-form, before DP media prosties finally elect a constitutional law professor, who knows the US needs a new constitution, before environmental catastrophe balkanizes the several states?

Also possible is a corruption scandal, since courts are all interested, while all bureaucrats, including reps and court officers are deeply committed, to profiteering, on surveillance, false process, and gridlock, with an enormous pollution footprint.

M.E.E.6 is here, like a slower-moving gay plague. What will it take, to get politicians, to see sense, LOUD DISCO?

US politicians are about as valuable, as a stack of three-dollar bills.

bobgnote
11-30-2013, 11:26 AM
Temperature is up about 1 degree, centigrade, since the instrument record started, in the 1880s.

Big whoop, yo.

The real game is in the melting, of perennial ice and frozen methane, WHICH IS HAPPENING, so get a clue, dump the tea, in the harbor, and SMELL THE COFFEE, wicked finally.

bobgnote
11-30-2013, 11:30 AM
The next tipping point is racing toward us, namely when do lots of volcanoes or BIG VOLCANOES erupt, to send loads of CO2, NO2, and SO2, into the atmosphere and into our water, which will accelerate acidification AND WARMING, disasterously?

Why, when that perennial ice melts, pressure is released, from glacier-covered magma chambers, like under KATLA, in Iceland. Kaboom, to follow.

When sea levels rise, enough, heavier tides massage magma chambers, under the oceans, like when ANAK will erupt. Kaboom is on the way!

bobgnote
11-30-2013, 11:37 AM
Big 5, at the Beeb:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/extinction_events


1. Ordovician-Silurian mass extinction, 443 m.y.a.

The third largest extinction in Earth's history, the Ordovician-Silurian mass extinction had two peak dying times separated by hundreds of thousands of years. During the Ordovician, most life was in the sea, so it was sea creatures such as trilobites, brachiopods and graptolites that were drastically reduced in number.



2. Late Devonian mass extinction, 359 m.y.a.

Three quarters of all species on Earth died out in the Late Devonian mass extinction, though it may have been a series of extinctions over several million years, rather than a single event. Life in the shallow seas were the worst affected, and reefs took a hammering, not returning to their former glory until new types of coral evolved over 100 million years later.



3. Permian mass extinction, 248 m.y.a. (248-253 m.y.a.)

The Permian mass extinction has been nicknamed The Great Dying, since a staggering 96% of species died out. All life on Earth today is descended from the 4% of species that survived.

4. Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction, 200 m.y.a.

During the final 18 million years of the Triassic period, there were two or three phases of extinction whose combined effects created the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction event. Climate change, flood basalt eruptions and an asteroid impact have all been blamed for this loss of life.

5. Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction, 65 m.y.a.

The Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction - also known as the K/T extinction - is famed for the death of the dinosaurs. However, many other organisms perished at the end of the Cretaceous including the ammonites, many flowering plants and the last of the pterosaurs.

Also at the Beeb is this fine feature:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/extinction_causes/Clathrate_gun_hypothesis


Catastrophic methane release
Catastrophic methane release has been suggested as a possible cause of mass extinction.

Methane clathrate is an ice-like substance formed from water and methane in the sea bed, arctic lakes and permafrost. It forms where the temperature is at freezing or a little above and where the pressure of overlying water and sediment creates the right conditions.

A temperature rise causes the methane in the clathrate to be released as gas. Global warming results and causes further clathrate heating and methane release. The resultant soaring temperature causes such stress to plant and animal life that mass extinction follows.

See? M.E.E.6 is happening, no doubt; sorry if the major party media has you doing the dos-y-dos with lotsa red and blue inflatable partners.

bobgnote
11-30-2013, 11:43 AM
Let's introduce WIKIPEDIA, since if it's good enough for the Beeb, maybe Beeb will also force Comedy Central to put Python back on, instead of endless, back-to-back eps, of Tosh.0:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_gun_hypothesis

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Extinction_intensity.svg


Jump to: navigation (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#mw-navigation), search (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#p-search)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Extinction_intensity.svg/320px-Extinction_intensity.svg.png (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/File:Extinction_intensity.svg)


Marine extinction intensity during the Phanerozoic (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Phanerozoic) eon
%
Millions of years ago
K–Pg (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_extinction_event)
Tr–J (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Triassic%E2%80%93Jurassic_extinction_event)
P–Tr (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Permian%E2%80%93Triassic_extinction_event)
Late D (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Late_Devonian_extinction)
O–S (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Ordovician%E2%80%93Silurian_extinction_event)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Extinction_intensity.svg/320px-Extinction_intensity.svg.png (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/File:Extinction_intensity.svg)


The blue graph shows the apparent percentage (not the absolute number) of marine animal (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Animal) genera (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Genus) becoming extinct during any given time interval. It does not represent all marine species, just those that are readily fossilized. The labels of the "Big Five" extinction events are clickable hyperlinks; see Extinction event (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Extinction_event) for more details. (source and image info (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/File:Extinction_intensity.svg))

The clathrate gun hypothesis is the popular name given to the hypothesis that rises in sea temperatures (and/or falls in sea level) can trigger the sudden release of methane (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Methane) from methane clathrate (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Methane_clathrate) compounds buried in seabeds (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Seabed) and permafrost (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Permafrost) which, because the methane itself is a powerful greenhouse gas (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Greenhouse_gas), leads to further temperature rise and further methane clathrate destabilization – in effect initiating a runaway process (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Positive_feedback) as irreversible, once started, as the firing of a gun.[1] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-Kennett_2003-1)
In its original form, the hypothesis proposed that the "clathrate gun" could cause abrupt runaway warming in a timescale less than a human lifetime,[1] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-Kennett_2003-1) and proposed responsible for warming events in and at the end of the last ice age (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Last_ice_age).[2] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-2) This is now thought unlikely.[3] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-3)[4] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-4)
However, there is stronger evidence that runaway methane clathrate breakdown may have caused drastic alteration of the ocean environment (such as ocean acidification (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Ocean_acidification) and ocean stratification (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Stratification_(water))) and the atmosphere of earth on a number of occasions in the past, over timescales of tens of thousands of years; most notably in connection with the Permian-Triassic extinction event (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Permian-Triassic_extinction_event), when up to 96% of all marine species became extinct 252 million years ago.[5] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-5)

bobgnote
11-30-2013, 11:54 AM
Also, when a bollide impact is suspected, TRAPS ERUPTIONS may result, which last many thousands of years, to drastically alter climate and enhance mass extinctions.

It's another COME ON, MAAAAHN-issue. When a big impact clobbers Earth, on one side, volcanic traps eruptions erupt, on the other side:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan_Traps



History[edit (http://thepoliticalforums.com/w/index.php?title=Deccan_Traps&action=edit&section=1)]

The Deccan Traps formed between 60 and 68 million years ago (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Geologic_timescale),[2] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-mantleplumes-2) at the end of the Cretaceous (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Cretaceous) period. The bulk of the volcanic eruption occurred at the Western Ghats (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Western_Ghats) (near Mumbai (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Mumbai)) some 65 million years ago. This series of eruptions may have lasted less than 30,000 years in total.[3] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-3)
The original area covered by the lava flows (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Lava_flow) is estimated to have been as large as 1.5 million km², approximately half the size of modern India (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/India). The Deccan Traps region was reduced to its current size by erosion (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Erosion) and plate tectonics; the present area of directly observable lava flows is around 512,000 km2 (197,684 sq mi).
Effect on climate and contemporary life[edit (http://thepoliticalforums.com/w/index.php?title=Deccan_Traps&action=edit&section=2)]

The release of volcanic gases (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Volcanic_gas), particularly sulfur dioxide (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide), during the formation of the traps contributed to contemporary climate change (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Climate_change). Data points to an average drop in temperature of 2 °C in this period.[4] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-4)
Because of its magnitude, scientists formerly speculated that the gases released during the formation of the Deccan Traps played a role in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event) (also known as the K–Pg extinction), which included the extinction (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Extinction) of the non-avian dinosaurs (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Dinosaur). Sudden cooling due to sulfurous volcanic gases released by the formation of the traps and localised gas concentrations may have contributed significantly to mass extinctions. However, the current consensus among the scientific community is that the extinction was triggered by the Chicxulub impact event (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Chicxulub_crater) in Central America (which would have produced a sunlight-blocking dust cloud that killed much of the plant life and reduced global temperature, called an impact winter (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Impact_winter)).[5] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-science-5)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_Traps



The Siberian Traps (Russian (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Russian_language): Сибирские траппы, Sibirskije trappy) form a large region of volcanic rock (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Volcanic_rock), known as a large igneous province (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Large_igneous_province), in Siberia (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Siberia), Russia (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Russia). The massive eruptive event which formed the traps, one of the largest known volcanic (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Volcano) events of the last 500 million years of Earth's geological history (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Earth's_geological_history), continued for a million years and spanned the Permian–Triassic boundary (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Permian–Triassic_extinction_event), about 251 to 250 (http://toolserver.org/~verisimilus/Timeline/Timeline.php?Ma=251–250) million years ago (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Million_years_ago).[1] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-Yadong-1)[2] (http://thepoliticalforums.com/#cite_note-NYT-2)
The term "traps" is derived from the Swedish (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Swedish_language) word for stairs (trappa, or sometimes trapp), referring to the step-like hills forming the landscape of the region, which is typical of flood basalts (http://thepoliticalforums.com/wiki/Flood_basalt).

"Continued for a million years . . ."

COME ON, MAAAAAHN! Even if an "impact winter" happened, more water was in the atmosphere, which washed out soot, which also landed, on any ice formations, and then came HOTHOUSE conditions.

But the H2O, CO2, SO2, and NO2 did not interact, favorably, for any previously existing organisms, including all plants and animals.

They DIED OUT, which will happen to any thick-skulled, thin-skinned humans we all know, in M.E.E.6.

Any questions?

bobgnote
12-02-2013, 01:36 PM
This is pretty good TV, so check this link:

http://press.discovery.com/us/sci/programs/how-earth-works/

Yesterday, Sunday December 1, 2013, HTEW premiered an episode, which isn't as good, as this thread, despite some impressive graphics.

They left out every significant feature, regarding what is going to happen, after admitting the cooling cycle is broken, to reiterate, how the Earth will freeze up, again, some day.

Come on, MAAAAAAHN and Lizzie Bonnin . . .

You can do better, than that, when you have lots of money and a TV contract and production staff, which is apparently too lazy, for this thread.

Polecat
12-02-2013, 03:06 PM
Mass extinction is the way nature fixes its own problems with a cold boot. Nice thing is it eliminates the whacky fucks too. So long screwball.:evil:

bobgnote
12-03-2013, 12:51 PM
Hurricane season just ended, with the fewest storms, since 1982, with only one US-landfall, which is good.

Elsewhere, typhoons and other cyclonic storms clobbered human-inhabited areas.

The US still gets hit, despite the neutral ENSO conditions, where the west is dry, and the east gets too much precipitation:

http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/deadly-super-derecho-strikes-m/67383

Adelaide
12-04-2013, 10:26 PM
Mass extinction is the way nature fixes its own problems with a cold boot. Nice thing is it eliminates the whacky fucks too. So long screwball.:evil:

Please do not insult other members.

bobgnote
12-06-2013, 11:26 AM
The recent COP 19 UN conference on climate change, in Warsaw saw a lot of corporate presence, American character weakness, and a walkout, by 133 nations.

One issue not decided was for reparations, since rich, piggy nations like the US and those in the Euro Union want to stifle development, of emerging nations, while ignoring their own complicity, in AGW-ACC, so as to evade reparations, for causing climate change AND for suppressing timely relief.

This won't go away, since THE CLATHRATE GUN is pointed, at all of us.

Since the perennial ice is melting, it is releasing a big load, of CH4, which, like melting ice cools the surface temperature.

BUT THEN A BIG LOAD OF MOLECULES, WITH 3+ ATOMS ARE IN THE ATMOSPHERE, which will accelerate climate change, so what about the mean surface temperature only going up about 1 degree Centigrade, since the instrument record started!

SO WHAT? We never, ever sorted and measured all climate-affected and climate-influencing masses!!! When nobody did THAT, global mean surface temps are only a dopey, little indicator, which don't mean squat, when the perennial ice is melting, and frozen methane is getting all into the air!!!

Tipping points are much more significant, than are global temperature measures, of the several instrument types, including satellite meaures, which are wonderful, BUT SO WHAT?

When perennial ice melts, it doesn't matter if there's annual precipitation or freezes, during the course, of seasonal weather events!!!

The methane and water are in the air.

And lawyers are lining up, to determine who is responsible.

I sure hope the Dummycrats notice their Fuhrer macht raus, mit dem Whistlegeblowen, aber kein carbon-capture mit DARPA ist gesehen.

Er ist Barack Nixon, oder Barack Hitler, oder Barack H. Bush, yawohl, sieg HEIL! I hope the dummies don't neatly expect "Heil Hildog," in 2016.

bobgnote
12-13-2013, 04:20 PM
Here's from 2012:

http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/03/28/the-sixth-great-extinction-a-silent-extermination/

Here's from 2013:

http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2013/03/of-all-species-that-have-existed-on-earth-999-percent-are-now-extinct-many-of-them-perished-in-five-cataclysmic-events-t.html

It's ON, already.

But since we don't know all species, we can only estimate the extent, of the wipeout, ongoing, and of that, to come.

bobgnote
12-15-2013, 12:26 PM
Known plants and critters are going MIA:

http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/biodiversity/recent-extinctions/


Too late for some – recent plant and animal extinctions

Plants and animals become extinct when they fail to adapt to changes in their environment, whether natural or man-made. Many scientists believe we are facing a 6th mass extinction, this time driven by the impact of humans.

Also, the extinction rate has to be an estimate, since we don't know all species, and we can be sure unknown species will go under, recently.

Peter1469
12-15-2013, 12:44 PM
If the mass extinction is inevitable, why keep up with the warnings? Let us die off in peace and quiet....

bobgnote
12-16-2013, 10:50 AM
If the mass extinction is inevitable, why keep up with the warnings? Let us die off in peace and quiet....

I issue no "warnings," only facts. Facts seem problematical, for you.:huh:

For instance, does your "peace and quiet" reference mean you actually hear voices, which nobody else can hear? Seek other help, than that which I have offered, here.

Peter1469
12-16-2013, 01:38 PM
I issue no "warnings," only facts. Facts seem problematical, for you.:huh:

For instance, does your "peace and quiet" reference mean you actually hear voices, which nobody else can hear? Seek other help, than that which I have offered, here.

Alarmists don't offer help.

bobgnote
12-17-2013, 05:34 PM
Alarmists don't offer help.. . . which is why YOU need to get some real, professional advice, from someone licensed, who deals with delusions, like yours.At least, in THIS thread, you managed, to spell "quiet," correctly. Whoop.

Contrails
12-17-2013, 07:08 PM
If the mass extinction is inevitable, why keep up with the warnings? Let us die off in peace and quiet....

And yet you keep replying to these threads. Do you care if humans survive this extinction event, inevitable or not?

Peter1469
12-17-2013, 07:13 PM
And yet you keep replying to these threads. Do you care if humans survive this extinction event, inevitable or not?

The alarmists are the ones that think it is inevitable. I said I wasn't an alarmist.

bobgnote
12-18-2013, 10:50 AM
The alarmists are the ones that think it is inevitable. I said I wasn't an alarmist.Do you have a positive assertion, of what you actually are, since you are trying a conceptual door, by intriguing degree, for some intriguing reason, or at least, to deflect the topic?All kinds of things go sneaking around, during the holidays, you know. Maybe you should lurk, at the introduction thread.

bobgnote
12-19-2013, 09:53 AM
The last time some denier had any valid input was to notice solar radiance is down.

Radiance variation will not slow warming and climate change, since GHGs are off the hook and continuing, to rise, in atmospheric concentration.

Moreover, magnetic north is migrating about 40 miles, every year.

WHATTUP, with that?

It seems the Earth's magnetic field has been weakening, by about 6%, per year, likely due, to the periodic switching, of positive pole, to negative pole, and vice versa.

All kinds of solar radiance is going to get into Earth's atmosphere and sundry climate masses, which was formerly blocked, by a more vigorous Van Allen Belt.

The Hubble Space Telescope has to have a lot of instruments switched off, during parts of its orbit, near the South Atlantic Anomaly, where the magnetic field has weakened, by a third, and solar interference may be so great, airplane crashes could result.

The polarity of charged particles and masses has switched, in many places, in this strange area, centered, in Brazil, which is enlarging:

http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/ask/q525.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Atlantic_Anomaly

http://skeptoid.com/episodes/4234

http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130312/C4ISR01/303120028/


We won't be cooling down because of any periodic weakening, of solar radiance, unless the Sun gets a whole lot weaker, for a good while, until GHGs all break down and clear, and the polar reversal is accomplished, in good order.

Trolls need not apply, with Heartland media or other sources, of ding-a-ling dementia.

bobgnote
12-22-2013, 11:53 AM
This will go nicely, with skepticalscience.com, for the holidays:

http://www.globalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-introduction


What are the main indicators of Climate Change? Ten indicators for a warming world, Past Decade Warmest on Record According to Scientists in 48 Countries, NOAA, July 28, 2010:

As explained by the US agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), there are 7 indicators that would be expected to increase in a warming world (and they are), and 3 indicators would be expected to decrease (and they are):

Air temperature near surface, humidity, temperature over oceans, sea surface temperature, sea levels, ocean heat content and temperature over land are all increasing, while glaciers, snow cover and sea ice are all decreasing.


http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/20100728_stateoftheclimate.html

Max Rockatansky
12-22-2013, 12:27 PM
Al is a media prostitute, who has no idea why the US should minimize corruption or its several pollutions, but if you want to follow Al the puto, you should read elsewhere.

Well, at least we can agree that Al's a media whore.

Now, about this "mass extinction event" hysteria, not so much. It could happen, but it will be long after most of us are dead.

http://www.skepticalscience.com/Earths-five-mass-extinction-events.html

lynn
12-22-2013, 05:30 PM
People can address the destruction of our global impact on the environment all day long caused by humans but human nature dictates that nothing will ever be done about it. Why because the only solution to this problem is to kill off half of the human population so it reduces the demand of our natural resources.

There is not enough money in the world that can reduce the impact of environmental damage that we have done over time to this planet. There is too much greed that any attempt to fix this problem will be defeated by those corporations that are well known for their pollutants to the environment.

The biggest problem with species becoming extinct are all due to humans invading their territory and they have no where to go to live. We do not need to know all the species on this planet to make an accurate prediction of their fate, all of the large mammals are already on the endangered species list. This has nothing to do with climate change and everything to do what we humans are doing to taking their living space.

Peter1469
12-22-2013, 05:56 PM
People can address the destruction of our global impact on the environment all day long caused by humans but human nature dictates that nothing will ever be done about it. Why because the only solution to this problem is to kill off half of the human population so it reduces the demand of our natural resources.

There is not enough money in the world that can reduce the impact of environmental damage that we have done over time to this planet. There is too much greed that any attempt to fix this problem will be defeated by those corporations that are well known for their pollutants to the environment.

The biggest problem with species becoming extinct are all due to humans invading their territory and they have no where to go to live. We do not need to know all the species on this planet to make an accurate prediction of their fate, all of the large mammals are already on the endangered species list. This has nothing to do with climate change and everything to do what we humans are doing to taking their living space.

We need to focus on advances in science to make these issues moot. That would include clean energy and eventually colonizing nearby rocks, like the moon and Mars. And maybe even our oceans. Floating cities.

Max Rockatansky
12-22-2013, 06:49 PM
If we do kill ourselves off, like the previous mass extinctions, life will go on. It's evolution. Why should we fuck with God's will???

Neanderthals are extinct, but it appears they could speak like modern Homo Sapians up to 500,000 years ago.

If we kill ourselves off, that's just evolution's way of saying we're unfit to live.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25465102

Peter1469
12-22-2013, 06:56 PM
Or the universe kills us off with a large asteroid hit, or a massive solar flare.

Max Rockatansky
12-22-2013, 06:59 PM
Or the universe kills us off with a large asteroid hit, or a massive solar flare.

Luck is part of it.

bladimz
12-22-2013, 07:32 PM
I think that man is an infection, and that the earth will eventually find a cure.

Max Rockatansky
12-22-2013, 07:34 PM
I think that man is an infection, and that the earth will eventually find a cure.

Possibly. I'm more inclined to think the Earth is a test and either man passes the test or passes into oblivion.

Peter1469
12-22-2013, 07:38 PM
I think that man is an infection, and that the earth will eventually find a cure.

I am about 180 degrees from that PoV.

bobgnote
12-23-2013, 12:16 PM
Well, at least we can agree that Al's a media whore.

Now, about this "mass extinction event" hysteria, not so much. It could happen, but it will be long after most of us are dead.

http://www.skepticalscience.com/Earths-five-mass-extinction-events.html

Shucks, what "hysteria?" Are you THAT confused, about reports?

I guess you should have your girlie parts removed, if they bother you, that much.

Of course, we could see people die out, while populations compress, but some of us Americans yet live.

But in places, on the eastern and gulf coasts, and up tornado alley, of the US, not all the answers are in, since this area will get the weird or extreme weather, from climate change, and then La Palma in the Canaries will eventually calve a big tsunami, which splashes most of the northern communities, around the Atlantic:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megatsunami

http://www.rense.com/general13/tidal.htm

L.A. and northern South America will eventually get a tsunami, from south eastern Hawaii, when the Hilina Slump flops, into the Pacific:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilina_Slump

We can't agree, with your rationale, post-Gore diss, since you rant trollishly, without links or scientific issues.

Max Rockatansky
12-23-2013, 03:04 PM
Shucks, what "hysteria?" Are you THAT confused, about reports?

I guess you should have your girlie parts removed, if they bother you, that much.

.........We can't agree, with your rationale, post-Gore diss, since you rant trollishly, without links or scientific issues.

I see you have a lot of emotion invested in this topic and that I've inadvertently touched a raw nerve. My apologies. I'll leave you to your thread, sir.

/subscribe

bobgnote
12-24-2013, 11:03 AM
Cool . . . I keep finding trolls, who want to ignore facts, but perceive emotion, queens, who yell "phobe," when they want to be feared . . .

And then there's the clowns, who have nothing to say, except on a tennis court, when the ball is on my side, of the net . . .

You-all go extinct, and you won't bother anybody.

PBS is on the case:

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/extinction/massext/statement_03.html




http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/extinction/massext/images/ext_rt_title.gif (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/extinction/massext/index.html)
Watch Show 3:
"Extinction!" on PBS
Check local listings (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/about/local_listing.html)




We are surely in the midst of a mass extinction. Even though it's hard to compare past extinction rates with that of the present, given missing data from the past, we do know how to identify extinction periods: the elevation of extinction rates in those periods are at least a hundred-fold over the slow "background" rate of "normal" extinction.



http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/images/spacer.gif


Of about 6 to 10 million currently existing species, we have still only identified 1 million; we know more about vertebrate species than we do about plants and insects. But for groups that we know well, knowledge of very recent species extinctions -- and for current species, their ranges and the threats to them -- allows us to be certain that extinction rates are comparable to those of the great past extinctions. For example, for birds, of about 10,000 species worldwide, at least 128 have disappeared in the last 500 years, about 1,200 are currently seriously threatened with extinction (all but three from human activities); there is a real prospect of the loss of 500 bird species within this century.


http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/images/spacer.gif


For less well-known groups, we must use inference. We know there is a rough relationship between the area of a patch of habitat and the number of species it will contain. Since habitat destruction is the leading cause of endangerment and extinction, and we have data on the rate of habitat destruction, we can estimate rates of extinction in some cases. Introduced species -- those who migrate to a new area -- are the second leading cause of endangerment and extinction. Information on the rate of species introduction and the nature of the impacts of introduced species on native species and ecosystems allows inferences about extinction rates. The evidence all points to a global tragedy with a profound loss of biodiversity.

bobgnote
01-02-2014, 11:19 AM
http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2013/12/03/report-warns-of-climate-change-tipping-points-within-our-lifetime/
Report warns of climate change ‘tipping points’ within our lifetime By Robert Sanders, Media Relations | December 3, 2013 BERKELEY — UC Berkeley’s Tony Barnosky joined climate scientists this morning at a press conference at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C., to summarize a new report issued today focusing on the short-term effects of climate change and the need to monitor them closely. “Our report focuses on abrupt change, that is, things that happen within a few years to decades: basically, over short enough time scales that young people living today would see the societal impacts brought on by faster-than-normal planetary changes,” said Barnosky in an email. Barnosky is professor of integrative biology and a member of the Berkeley Initiative in Global Change Biology (BIGCB). The report, “Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change: Anticipating Surprises,” is available from the National Research Council, part of the National Academies. Abrupt changes are already apparent, the authors noted: the number of serious wildfires has increased dramatically over the past decade, farmers are noticing hotter average temperatures that affect their crop yields, animals and plants are moving up mountainsides to reach cooler temperatures, and the Artic sea ice is melting back more and more each summer. “A key charge to the committee was to try to identify the parts of the climate system where we would expect to see tipping points – major changes in ocean currents or atmospheric circulation – but also trying to determine how even gradual climate change might trigger tipping points in systems that are affected by climate change,” he wrote. Changes in ocean temperatures and acidity, for example, could reach a threshold that would precipitate a crash in coral reef ecosystems, he said. But global change could also lead to economic and social impacts, much of this centered around food and water resources and the likelihood of international conflict to secure them. The report emphasizes the need to monitor Earth’s ecosystems for early signs of serious change so that we can act to avoid them. For example, scientists don’t fully understand how Antarctica’s glaciers will react to warming temperatures: slow melting might take centuries, yet calving of icebergs could lead to their disappearance much sooner, causing sea level rise beyond the already predicted 3 feet by 2200. Ocean temperatures should be monitored closely near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, the report urges. “We hope to limit the number of blindsides,” said report coauthor Richard Alley of Pennsylvania State University during the briefing. Barnosky was the lead author of a 2012 paper that warned of a global tipping point at which Earth’s systems would irreversibly change as a result of changing climate. “We probably have been underestimating the potential effects of ongoing climate change in exacerbating the extinction crisis we already find ourselves in, so far due to non-climatic causes like human-caused habitat loss, overexploitation of economically valuable species, and pollution,” he wrote. “Even on its own, the committee found climate change to pose a very real extinction threat. Added to all the other stressors, it really could be the proverbial straw that breaks the camel’s back.” Like this? 1. CO2 and industrial GHGs go off the hook, while humans pollute and cause extinctions 2. all climate affected masses start to warm up, so perennial ice and methane clathrates melt and evaporate 3. storms increase in number and severity 4. waters acidify (50 year lag, due to CO2 degradation cycle, in the oceans), while sea level starts to rise 5. volcanoes erupt 6. cycles of volcanic winter and warming rachet floods and acidification and sea level, while humans begin to depopulate 7. jellyfish become top oceanic predator, while humans either live on collectives, or they die off These look like Earth's operative tipping points, to me! See also: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2013/oct/19/climate-change-tipping-points-stories-future

bobgnote
01-04-2014, 11:51 AM
You can?t deny global warming after seeing this graph (http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/07/09/you-cant-deny-global-warming-after-seeing-this-graph/)



You can’t deny global warming after seeing this graph
By Ezra Klein
July 9, 2013 at 12:32 pm

Nine of the 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 1998. But forget individual years. That data is noisy. A single year can see its temperatures rocket for reasons having little to do with climate change.

Look, instead, at decades. There, the data is a little clearer, as the idiosyncrasies of any one year are balanced by its nine compatriots. That's exactly what the World Meteorological Association did in a recent report. Here's the graph:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/files/2013/07/global-warmiong-graph.jpg
-----------
what's up with the weather: graphs tell the story (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/warming/etc/graphs.html)

Warming World (http://climate.nasa.gov/interactives/warming_world)
--------------------

. . . and NO, the Earth does not need more "douche," from any of its many bags.

The Mayans predicted the Earth will blacken and perish, by flood, so belay the douche, and find a way, to distribute the water, evenly.

bobgnote
01-09-2014, 09:43 AM
Watch:


http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=CmJshRF0M7c

Read:

http://listverse.com/2013/11/09/10-devastating-mass-animal-die-offs-from-2013/

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/31/animal-die-offs-2013_n_4520261.html

Is it in the Bible prophesies?

http://www.end-times-prophecy.org/animal-deaths-birds-fish-end-times.html

Watch:


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SO89Bj2Fvc&feature=player_embedded
Check end-times prophesy, in previous years:

http://www.end-times-prophecy.org/mass-animal-deaths-2013.html

http://www.end-times-prophecy.org/mass-animal-deaths-2012.html

http://www.end-times-prophecy.org/mass-animal-deaths-2011.html

In 2014, so far:


8th January 2014 - 35 Turtles wash ashore dead along the coast of Chennai, India.
8th January 2014 - Hundreds of dead fish appear in a lake is a 'mystery' in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
8th January 2014 - Hundreds of dead fish found in a river in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
8th January 2014 - Mass fish kill 'due to pollution' in a pond in Foshan, China.
7th January 2014 - 40 Bald Eagles now dead from 'virus' in Utah, America.
6th January 2014 - 4,700 Cattle dead from outbreak of Foot and Mouth in Kerala, India.
6th January 2014 - 2 rare Whales dead after beaching on Long Island is 'unusual' in America.
6th January 2014 - 39 Pilot Whales dead after stranding on beach in New Zealand.
6th January 2014 - Hundreds of ducks die suddenly in Malang, Indonesia.
6th January 2014 - Massive fish kill due to pollution in a river in Kurger Park, South Africa.
6th January 2014 - Hundreds of fish found dead in a lake in La Molina, Peru.
5th January 2014 - Hundreds of dead fish found in a pond, 'like the apocalypse' in Varbina, Bulgaria.
4th January 2014 - 500+ Goats dead from outbreak of plague in Xinjiang, China.
4th January 2014 - 47 Marine animals (seals, turtles, dolphins, birds) found dead on beach in Chiclayo, Peru.
3rd January 2014 - Tons of dead fish found in a river in San Martino in Rio, Italy.
3rd January 2014 - Second mass die-off of Sardines during past 2 weeks washes up on beaches in Valparaiso, Chile.
3rd January 2014 - Large die-off of fish found in a river in Hsinchu County, Taiwan. LinkDead Sardines in Chile
2nd January 2014 - NOTE: 20,000 Birds have died since November due to disease around Great Salt Lake in America.
2nd January 2014 - 23,000 Chickens killed due to bird flu in Guizhou, China.
2nd January 2014 - Hundreds (maybe thousands) of fish have died in a lake in NSW, Australia.
1st January 2014 - Thousands of fish, including turtles and ducks dead from 'fuel spill' in Culiacan, Mexico.
1st January 2014 - Thousands of dead fish washing up on beaches in El Oro, Ecuador.
1st January 2014 - Massive fish die off in fish ponds in Thong Nhat, Vietnam.

There is no doubt that these mass animal deaths occuring around the world today is one of the many signs of the times, showing that we are living in the last days. Throughout history we have not seen animals dying in these kinds of numbers all around the world. But the earth and the seas are so polluted now from man made chemicals and oil spills, the animals just don't stand a chance! But this was to be expected, as God already warned through Bible prophecy that this world is heading for complete ruin. Friends, it's time to turn to Christ Jesus. He is our ONLY hope for the future.


Oh, come on, MAAAAAHN. That just means get with the tardy, who don't believe in evolution, or that the spunk, of Roman soldier Pantera could knock up Y'shua's mommy, before Joseph-daddy hooked up and adopted.

Peter1469
01-09-2014, 10:02 AM
:laugh:

bobgnote
01-12-2014, 12:05 PM
Time to post MYSTERIUM:

http://www.mysterium.com/extinction.html

This site is loaded, with links. Dig in.

bobgnote
01-12-2014, 12:21 PM
Updated: 10/23/2013 8:13 am EDT

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/11-extinct-animals_n_4078988.html


Major extinction events are nothing new for the planet, but species are now dying out at an alarming rate thanks to humans.
We are presently losing dozens of species every day, according to the Center for Biological Diversity. Nearly 20,000 species of plants and animals are at a high risk of extinction and if trends continue, Earth could see another mass extinction event within a few centuries.

"Unlike past mass extinctions, caused by events like asteroid strikes, volcanic eruptions and natural climate shifts, the current crisis is almost entirely caused by us -- humans," explains the Center for Biological Diversity. "In fact, 99 percent of currently threatened species are at risk from human activities, primarily those driving habitat loss, introduction of exotic species and global warming."

While there is no single international body that declares a species or subspecies extinct, the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List is a widely-recognized authority for keeping track of threatened and endangered species.

"The main focus of the Red List is to stop species from going extinct," a Red List manager told the Washington Post in 2011. "But, by default, we became the standard international list for extinctions."


Summary:



West African Black Rhinoceros
Pyrenean Ibex
Passenger Pigeon
Quagga
Caribbean Monk Seal
Tasmanian Tiger
Tecopa Pupfish
Javan Tiger
Great Auk
Bubal Hartebeest


What can I add?

Humans destroy habitats, by abuse, including by pollution, and humans introduce other species, to cause natives, to die off.

bobgnote
01-13-2014, 03:27 PM
Perennial ice is the kind, which should be increasing, IF we were cooling, but no:

http://esciencenews.com/dictionary/perennial.ice

2003:
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/Perrenial_Sea_Ice.html

2008:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/18/AR2008031802903.html

2012:
http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/thick-melt.html

2013:
http://ourchangingclimate.wordpress.com/2013/03/25/melting-of-the-arctic-sea-ice/

It's MELTING, eh?

Peter1469
01-13-2014, 06:12 PM
Don't go to the Antarctic in the summer, you might get iced in.

bobgnote
01-14-2014, 09:05 PM
Is post 63 your idea, of an on-topic entry?

So I checked your blog link. You seem to be able, to float around, to no particular end, as in no tennis or anything I'd want.

I guess that means maybe I should post Jimi lyrics, on the subject, of jellyfish, if I want to.

bobgnote
01-14-2014, 09:09 PM
Don't go to the Antarctic in the summer, you might get iced in.

When I was in college, long ago, one of my housemates made it, to PhD, and she ended up, in Antarctica, producing a doc, at McMurdo, etc.

There's no tennis, in Antarctica.

There is tennis, in Australia, but the Grand Slam event, going on right now is over 100 degrees, during the day, and it stays near 100, at night.

Isner lost, in round one. If he loses, I'm not going near that Melbourne place, just now.

Australia will be burning down, all Summer 2013-14. And you can have Antarctica.

Peter1469
01-15-2014, 05:51 AM
When I was in college, long ago, one of my housemates made it, to PhD, and she ended up, in Antarctica, producing a doc, at McMurdo, etc.

There's no tennis, in Antarctica.

There is tennis, in Australia, but the Grand Slam event, going on right now is over 100 degrees, during the day, and it stays near 100, at night.

Isner lost, in round one. If he loses, I'm not going near that Melbourne place, just now.

Australia will be burning down, all Summer 2013-14. And you can have Antarctica.

That is certainly more interesting that your end of days hysterics. :wink:

bobgnote
01-15-2014, 11:13 AM
That is certainly more interesting that your end of days hysterics. :wink:

Hmm. Your sentence seems to be incoherent. Go any comments, on-topic, with links, or maybe just some sorry excuses and smileys?

Look. Here's how us sciencey posters do it:

http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/humans-will-have-wiped-out-75-species-by-2250-geophysicist-says-1432266

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-12/humans-could-wipe-out-75-per-cent-of-all-species-expert/5195984


Marine geophysicist Mike Coffin says humans could wipe out 75pc of Earth's species within 500 years
Humans could wipe out three quarters of the Earth's species within 240 to 500 years in an event known as a mass extinction, a Hobart-based scientist says.

A mass extinction occurs when Earth loses more than 75 per cent of its species in a geologically short time frame.
There have been five mass extinctions - known as the "Big Five" - in the past 540 million years. Those events were caused by asteroid collisions, climate fluctuations and volcanic eruptions.
For the first time, however, a species could be the cause of a mass extinction event.
Professor Mike Coffin, a marine geophysicist from the University of Tasmania, told a conference in Hobart on Saturday that humans are on track to bring about the demise of 75 per cent of the Earth's species within a frighteningly short time period.

See how easy that was?

Do you hang out, with all sorts of foreign people, who like to deflect and divert media, when you travel?

donttread
01-15-2014, 06:36 PM
Lets face if we cannot or will not control our population sooner or later Mother earth will need to take a flea dip.



In each of the previous 5 mass extinctions, on Earth, atmospheric and aqueous CO2 has risen, faster than organisms can adjust, and so most life forms perish.

For review are the 5 previous mass extinctions and this, Mass Extinction Event 6, which I will abbreviate, as "M.E.E.6."

Our atmospheric and aqueous CO2 is rising, faster, than ever before, in geologic history.

Accompanying this nasty event are industrial greenhouse gasses (abbreviated "GHGs") and fast out-gassing methane, CH4, which is coming from human activity and from melting permafrost and perennial ice, including from formerly frozen sea-floor areas, leading to huge, mile-wide bubble areas, from melted clathrates.

Methane is a nasty GHG, many times more potent, than is CO2, which is also for review, here.

Since perennial ice is warming or melting, some volcanoes, like KATLA, in Iceland are going toward an eruption, from relief of glacial pressure, on magma chamber areas.

As the sea level rises, heavier tides will cause volcanic activity, in ANAK and other nasty volcanoes.

The particulate pollution will cause a temporary lapse, in warming, but then this will settle, all over ice, and when the air clears, more CO2 is in the atmosphere, with NO2 and SO2.

For this reason, volcanic activity is associated, with previous mass extinctions, and 6 will be no exception. Either the eruptions happen, from melted ice, or they melt ice, and eruptions happen.

We don't want that to happen, but hey! If people like tea so much, they won't wake up and SMELL THE COFFEE, hey now! Humans won't keep 7.1 billion on Earth, forever.

Also to be decided is if derpists and petro-gangsters will suffer legal liability, for their nuisance media, leading to actual damages, from climate change.

Hell, I hope so. :cool2:

bobgnote
01-16-2014, 12:08 PM
Lets face if we cannot or will not control our population sooner or later Mother earth will need to take a flea dip.

Truly, here be GOMERs, aplenty.

I find some folks will discuss Obamacare, but not eugenics. This seems odd, given zombie numbers are on the rise.

See HBO's GAME OF THRONES, for interesting sketches, about how one inbreeding daddy keeps feeding his male children, to weird, white zombies.

I guess I'll have to post some clever remarks, about how we either need birth control, or ma nature will impose a nasty alternative process, on us.

Peter1469
01-16-2014, 12:48 PM
This thread should be moved to the pub.

donttread
01-17-2014, 08:26 AM
Of course she will . We are just another dominate spieces on this rock in a long line of them and it is arrogant to think that we are either God's or the universe's final product. We are way too damned violent and primal for one thing




Truly, here be GOMERs, aplenty.

I find some folks will discuss Obamacare, but not eugenics. This seems odd, given zombie numbers are on the rise.

See HBO's GAME OF THRONES, for interesting sketches, about how one inbreeding daddy keeps feeding his male children, to weird, white zombies.

I guess I'll have to post some clever remarks, about how we either need birth control, or ma nature will impose a nasty alternative process, on us.

Peter1469
01-17-2014, 04:13 PM
God, won't Mass Extinction Event #6 get on with it! This thread is so boring.

bobgnote
01-18-2014, 04:38 PM
66:
That is certainly more interesting that your end of days hysterics. :wink:

70:
This thread should be moved to the pub.

72:
God, won't Mass Extinction Event #6 get on with it! This thread is so boring.

You seem to be more into projecting a colicky-baby attitude, than you are into getting information or maybe even offering it.

In 66, you rant, about 'hysterics,' which I don't have, but I guess if that's what happened, back before 66, you should re-read whatever reports made you react, toward a blow-out, of your innards, with your self-intriguing emotional insecurity, always apparent.

bobgnote
01-18-2014, 04:39 PM
God, won't Mass Extinction Event #6 get on with it! This thread is so boring.

OK. M.E.E.6 will be the fastest, non-bollide-affected extinction, ever. Whoop, if you have to.

Peter1469
01-18-2014, 05:30 PM
No wonder the Warmists are called alarmists. You are like a preacher peddling the end of days. :shocked:


OK. M.E.E.6 will be the fastest, non-bollide-affected extinction, ever. Whoop, if you have to.

lynn
01-18-2014, 05:39 PM
The Human species is too selfish and greedy to stop its own destruction to the planet. There is nothing we will do to stop this from happening so the next extinction event is inevitable.

Peter1469
01-18-2014, 06:13 PM
Well a large solar flare or large asteroid is more likely a cause than "man-made" global warming.


The Human species is too selfish and greedy to stop its own destruction to the planet. There is nothing we will do to stop this from happening so the next extinction event is inevitable.

donttread
01-19-2014, 05:31 PM
Cities, the problem is cities

lynn
01-19-2014, 06:17 PM
Well a large solar flare or large asteroid is more likely a cause than "man-made" global warming.


If that happened that we would be off the hook for its demise.

Peter1469
01-19-2014, 06:38 PM
Cities, the problem is cities

No they aren't may paleo friend! Cities- advanced cities, are the future.

Peter1469
01-19-2014, 06:39 PM
If that happened that we would be off the hook for its demise.

:grin: Don't tell that to our man-made disaster friend. He couldn't handle it.

donttread
01-20-2014, 08:20 AM
Whatever happens is far more likely to destroy technology instead of the entire human race. A survival rate of 1/10 of 1% would probably be more than enough for a breeding population. It could be back to the stone age, but at least that was a sustainable lifestyle

bobgnote
01-20-2014, 03:28 PM
Well a large solar flare or large asteroid is more likely a cause than "man-made" global warming.

A CME, or coronal mass ejection may find Earth, in which case we will get toasted.

Some GRB, or gamma ray burst may issue, way out there, and that will can us, without notice.

Asteroids are being tracked, and media, for control is already tested.

Tardies in traffic will likely prevent some folk, from survival. Never underestimate the gumption, for what stupid does, when stupid is.

bobgnote
01-20-2014, 03:31 PM
As for AGW and ACC, never underestimate how fast that will cause M.E.E.6, to issue. AGW and ACC will kill people, during the several die-offs.

And then, people will suffer a die-off, and survivors will have to admit, to what is going on. DDs need not apply, for aggressive peanut gallery perp, then.

donttread
01-20-2014, 08:36 PM
Too much fossil fuel etc burned up in transportation of food, water and power and materials.



No they aren't may paleo friend! Cities- advanced cities, are the future.

Peter1469
01-20-2014, 08:48 PM
Too much fossil fuel etc burned up in transportation of food, water and power and materials.

Doesn't have to be that way. No need to retreat to the caves. Or I should say, no reason for the rest of us to retreat to the caves.

donttread
01-20-2014, 09:24 PM
How can you feed , shelter and power a city in a sustainable manor? A more evenly dispersed population utilizing local reliance would work better



Doesn't have to be that way. No need to retreat to the caves. Or I should say, no reason for the rest of us to retreat to the caves.

bobgnote
01-21-2014, 11:07 AM
Whoever gets a good, proposed constitution up first will have a lot of say, on what might happen, related to ifs and whens, of US balkanization, which is inevitable.

We don't know if city-states will be the format, but if we do see good, sustainable urban designs, these could happen, at sustainable locations.

Not all areas, of the lower 48 are sustainable locations.

bobgnote
01-28-2014, 04:39 PM
This is from June 2001, so somebody should have noticed we are in a gigantic version, of the gay bath-house scandal, by now:

http://www.actionbioscience.org/newfrontiers/eldredge2.html



There is little doubt left in the minds of professional biologists that Earth is currently faced with a mounting loss of species that threatens to rival the five great mass extinctions of the geological past. As long ago as 1993, Harvard biologist E.O. Wilson estimated that Earth is currently losing something on the order of 30,000 species per year — which breaks down to the even more daunting statistic of some three species per hour. Some biologists have begun to feel that this biodiversity crisis — this “Sixth Extinction” — is even more severe, and more imminent, than Wilson had supposed.

How is the Sixth Extinction different from previous events?

The current mass extinction is caused by humans.

At first glance, the physically caused extinction events of the past might seem to have little or nothing to tell us about the current Sixth Extinction, which is a patently human-caused event. For there is little doubt that humans are the direct cause of ecosystem stress and species destruction in the modern world through such activities as:

•transformation of the landscape
•overexploitation of species
•pollution
•the introduction of alien species

And because Homo sapiens is clearly a species of animal (however behaviorally and ecologically peculiar an animal), the Sixth Extinction would seem to be the first recorded global extinction event that has a biotic, rather than a physical, cause.

We are bringing about massive changes in the environment.

Yet, upon further reflection, human impact on the planet is a direct analogue of the Cretaceous cometary collision. Sixty-five million years ago that extraterrestrial impact — through its sheer explosive power, followed immediately by its injections of so much debris into the upper reaches of the atmosphere that global temperatures plummeted and, most critically, photosynthesis was severely inhibited — wreaked havoc on the living systems of Earth. That is precisely what human beings are doing to the planet right now: humans are causing vast physical changes on the planet.

What is the Sixth Extinction?

We can divide the Sixth Extinction into two discrete phases:

•Phase One began when the first modern humans began to disperse to different parts of the world about 100,000 years ago.
•Phase Two began about 10,000 years ago when humans turned to agriculture.

Humans began disrupting the environment as soon as they appeared on Earth.

The first phase began shortly after Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and the anatomically modern humans began migrating out of Africa and spreading throughout the world. Humans reached the middle east 90,000 years ago. They were in Europe starting around 40,000 years ago. Neanderthals, who had long lived in Europe, survived our arrival for less than 10,000 years, but then abruptly disappeared — victims, according to many paleoanthropologists, of our arrival through outright warfare or the more subtle, though potentially no less devastating effects, of being on the losing side of ecological competition.

Everywhere, shortly after modern humans arrived, many (especially, though by no means exclusively, the larger) native species typically became extinct. Humans were like bulls in a China shop:

•They disrupted ecosystems by overhunting game species, which never experienced contact with humans before.
•And perhaps they spread microbial disease-causing organisms as well.

The fossil record attests to human destruction of ecosystems:

Wherever early humans migrated, other species became extinct.

•Humans arrived in large numbers in North America roughly 12,500 years ago-and sites revealing the butchering of mammoths, mastodons and extinct buffalo are well documented throughout the continent. The demise of the bulk of the La Brea tar pit Pleistocene fauna coincided with our arrival.
•The Caribbean lost several of its larger species when humans arrived some 8000 years ago.
•Extinction struck elements of the Australian megafauna much earlier-when humans arrived some 40,000 years ago. Madagascar-something of an anomaly, as humans only arrived there two thousand years ago-also fits the pattern well: the larger species (elephant birds, a species of hippo, plus larger lemurs) rapidly disappeared soon after humans arrived.

Indeed only in places where earlier hominid species had lived (Africa, of course, but also most of Europe and Asia) did the fauna, already adapted to hominid presence, survive the first wave of the Sixth Extinction pretty much intact. The rest of the world’s species, which had never before encountered hominids in their local ecosystems, were as naively unwary as all but the most recently arrived species (such as Vermilion Flycatchers) of the Galapagos Islands remain to this day.

Why does the Sixth Extinction continue?

The invention of agriculture accelerated the pace of the Sixth Extinction.

Phase two of the Sixth Extinction began around 10,000 years ago with the invention of agriculture-perhaps first in the Natufian culture of the Middle East. Agriculture appears to have been invented several different times in various different places, and has, in the intervening years, spread around the entire globe.

Agriculture represents the single most profound ecological change in the entire 3.5 billion-year history of life. With its invention:
•humans did not have to interact with other species for survival, and so could manipulate other species for their own use
•humans did not have to adhere to the ecosystem’s carrying capacity, and so could overpopulate

Humans do not live with nature but outside it.

Homo sapiens became the first species to stop living inside local ecosystems. All other species, including our ancestral hominid ancestors, all pre-agricultural humans, and remnant hunter-gatherer societies still extant exist as semi-isolated populations playing specific roles (i.e., have “niches”) in local ecosystems. This is not so with post-agricultural revolution humans, who in effect have stepped outside local ecosystems. Indeed, to develop agriculture is essentially to declare war on ecosystems - converting land to produce one or two food crops, with all other native plant species all now classified as unwanted “weeds” — and all but a few domesticated species of animals now considered as pests.

The total number of organisms within a species is limited by many factors-most crucial of which is the “carrying capacity” of the local ecosystem: given the energetic needs and energy-procuring adaptations of a given species, there are only so many squirrels, oak trees and hawks that can inhabit a given stretch of habitat. Agriculture had the effect of removing the natural local-ecosystem upper limit of the size of human populations. Though crops still fail regularly, and famine and disease still stalk the land, there is no doubt that agriculture in the main has had an enormous impact on human population size:

•Estimates vary, but range between 1 and 10 million people on earth 10,000 years ago.
•There are now over 6 billion people.
•The numbers continue to increase logarithmically — so that there will be 8 billion by 2020.
•There is presumably an upper limit to the carrying capacity of humans on earth — of the numbers that agriculture can support — and that number is usually estimated at between 13-15 billion, though some people think the ultimate numbers might be much higher.

This explosion of human population, especially in the post-Industrial Revolution years of the past two centuries, coupled with the unequal distribution and consumption of wealth on the planet, is the underlying cause of the Sixth Extinction. There is a vicious cycle:

Overpopulation, invasive species, and overexploitation are fueling the extinction.

•More lands are cleared and more efficient production techniques (most recently engendered largely through genetic engineering) to feed the growing number of humans — and in response, the human population continues to expand.
•Higher fossil energy use is helping agriculture spread, further modifying the environment.
•Humans continue to fish (12 of the 13 major fisheries on the planet are now considered severely depleted) and harvest timber for building materials and just plain fuel, pollution, and soil erosion from agriculture creates dead zones in fisheries (as in the Gulf of Mexico)
•While the human Diaspora has meant the spread, as well, of alien species that more often than not thrive at the detriment of native species. For example, invasive species have contributed to 42% of all threatened and endangered species in the U.S.

And just how smart, are humans, when confronted, with any of this?

All these events were characterized, by dramatic increase, in CO2, so some CH4 (methane) was involved, during warming.

Humans are either denying the warming is happening, denying the greenhouse effect, denying the effects of industry, pollution, and chainsaws, denying we can re-green, or humans are proposing lame carbon credits or substitution of natural gas, for other sequestered carbon combustion media, which simply allow the basic problems, to continue.

Either it's humans, or like humans, only devolved, who go around ranting, about invisible liberals. What up, with THAT?

Excuse meh, bois.

That sharing needles and unprotected punk has to lose platform media, so your bath-house has gotta go, OK?

Peter1469
01-28-2014, 06:07 PM
Most Alarmist propaganda. Meanwhile...,

independent scientists find more manipulated warming data (http://www.principia-scientific.org/breaking-new-climate-data-rigging-scandal-rocks-us-government.html)

jillian
01-28-2014, 06:16 PM
Most Alarmist propaganda. Meanwhile...,

independent scientists find more manipulated warming data (http://www.principia-scientific.org/breaking-new-climate-data-rigging-scandal-rocks-us-government.html)

a denier site?

It is yet another pal reviewed propaganda piece by the vanity online science journal Principia Scientific International (http://principia-scientific.org/) set up by Tim Ball [geologist and climate denier] and pals who have real problems with being rejected by mainstream science because the are frankly nuts-an organisation too fringe even for Lord Monckton. (http://principia-scientific.org/supportnews/latest-news/176-lord-monckton-replies-to-john-o-sullivan-s-open-letter.html) There you will find law graduates, weathermen, and some retired scientists producing papers saying climate change isn’t happening and even a paper on a perpetual motion machine. [Even Anthony Watts accepts CO2 is a GHG]

more at link:

http://denierlist.wordpress.com/tag/principia-scientific-international/

Peter1469
01-28-2014, 06:41 PM
a denier site?


more at link:

http://denierlist.wordpress.com/tag/principia-scientific-international/

Every group that doesn't worship the Warmist trip is on that list. Propaganda...

jillian
01-28-2014, 06:44 PM
Every group that doesn't worship the Warmist trip is on that list. Propaganda...

there is a paradigm accepted by legitimate science.

made up nonsense by people who aren't peer reviewed and who self publish isn't particularly compelling except to other deniers.

you did see the part about your link being a 'vanity site'? right?

see, there's the thing… you can't pretend there's debate about something there's no debate about.

it's like saying "oh… taylor swift is tall"… and 95 people saying, well of course she is...

and the other 5 saying, i think she might not be tall… and then crediting those 5 people with having a legitimate pov.

there is no debate that taylor swift is tall because those 5 people say she isn't.

donttread
01-28-2014, 08:08 PM
I live about an hour and a half from Canada. We've had two weeks of bone chilling cold and I'm certainly wondering where the warrming has gone?

Peter1469
01-28-2014, 08:40 PM
Mammals will tolerate a heat increase better than cold. The Warmists are frauds and extortionists.

Contrails
01-28-2014, 10:32 PM
Most Alarmist propaganda. Meanwhile...,

independent scientists find more manipulated warming data (http://www.principia-scientific.org/breaking-new-climate-data-rigging-scandal-rocks-us-government.html)
I'm sure this will go well with all of the other peer-reviewed papers produced by Steven Goddard.

Contrails
01-28-2014, 10:35 PM
I live about an hour and a half from Canada. We've had two weeks of bone chilling cold and I'm certainly wondering where the warrming has gone?

Down under, of course. http://www.climatecentral.org/news/australia-2014-heat-wave-picks-up-where-2013-left-off-16938

Peter1469
01-28-2014, 10:35 PM
I'm sure this will go well with all of the other peer-reviewed papers produced by Steven Goddard.

Keep your hand off the people's money. Charlatan.

Contrails
01-28-2014, 10:39 PM
Mammals will tolerate a heat increase better than cold. The Warmists are frauds and extortionists.

You should be asking yourself what those mammals will eat if temperatures keep increasing.

http://www.thestreet.com/story/12227483/1/earth-may-already-be-running-out-of-grain.html

Newpublius
01-28-2014, 11:40 PM
In each of the previous 5 mass extinctions, on Earth, atmospheric and aqueous CO2 has risen, faster than organisms can adjust, and so most life forms perish.

For review are the 5 previous mass extinctions and this, Mass Extinction Event 6, which I will abbreviate, as "M.E.E.6."

Our atmospheric and aqueous CO2 is rising, faster, than ever before, in geologic history.

Accompanying this nasty event are industrial greenhouse gasses (abbreviated "GHGs") and fast out-gassing methane, CH4, which is coming from human activity and from melting permafrost and perennial ice, including from formerly frozen sea-floor areas, leading to huge, mile-wide bubble areas, from melted clathrates.

Methane is a nasty GHG, many times more potent, than is CO2, which is also for review, here.

Since perennial ice is warming or melting, some volcanoes, like KATLA, in Iceland are going toward an eruption, from relief of glacial pressure, on magma chamber areas.

As the sea level rises, heavier tides will cause volcanic activity, in ANAK and other nasty volcanoes.

The particulate pollution will cause a temporary lapse, in warming, but then this will settle, all over ice, and when the air clears, more CO2 is in the atmosphere, with NO2 and SO2.

For this reason, volcanic activity is associated, with previous mass extinctions, and 6 will be no exception. Either the eruptions happen, from melted ice, or they melt ice, and eruptions happen.

We don't want that to happen, but hey! If people like tea so much, they won't wake up and SMELL THE COFFEE, hey now! Humans won't keep 7.1 billion on Earth, forever.

Also to be decided is if derpists and petro-gangsters will suffer legal liability, for their nuisance media, leading to actual damages, from climate change.

Hell, I hope so. :cool2:

Cambrian explosion coincident with more co2

Peter1469
01-29-2014, 06:15 AM
You should be asking yourself what those mammals will eat if temperatures keep increasing.

http://www.thestreet.com/story/12227483/1/earth-may-already-be-running-out-of-grain.html

Or freeze to death if it keeps cooling.

Contrails
01-29-2014, 07:15 AM
Or freeze to death if it keeps cooling.

That's highly unlikely. Besides, wouldn't it have to "start" cooling before it can "keep" cooling?

Contrails
01-29-2014, 09:17 AM
Cambrian explosion coincident with more co2

Actually, the Cambrian explosion has been linked to the drop in atmospheric CO2 as plankton converted it into O2.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110221163052.htm

bobgnote
01-30-2014, 12:47 PM
Or freeze to death if it keeps cooling.

Just what order of intellect tries to pass on Joe Postma and then keeps up a steady stream, of virtual spam, re 'keeps cooling?'

1998 was an El Nino year. Successive years tended to place or show, on the all-time instrument record hot-list.

All this, while solar activity was low, Milankovitch schedule is for re-glaciation, and ALL CLIMATE MASSES ARE WARMING, so surface temps border, on irrelevant, anyway.

Surface temps are not what to harp on, since when perennial ice and formerly frozen media, like methane clathrates melt AND EVAPORATE, they cool overall surface readings.

I guess I should not ask about 'intellect,' where denial is so active and obtuse.

Do you think there will be ONE MORE DEVO ALBUM? I won't download it . . .

Peter1469
01-30-2014, 01:28 PM
Go find someone else to shake down.

bobgnote
01-30-2014, 07:34 PM
Aw. Too bad you can't make your whining more audible, in your wasted posts. Don't forget to mind your manners, on the road.

bobgnote
02-02-2014, 09:06 AM
Is another mass extinction on the way?M.E.E.6 IS UNDERWAY, mmm-kay?http://theconversation.com/is-another-mass-extinction-event-on-the-way-5397

countryboy
02-02-2014, 11:10 AM
Actually, the Cambrian explosion has been linked to the drop in atmospheric CO2 as plankton converted it into O2.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110221163052.htm
I think what you meant to say was, a small group of scientists have theorized that a drop in atmospheric CO2 may be linked to the Cambrian explosion. And their research suggests that plankton may have been the cause of an atmospheric increase in oxygen levels.


Something enabled oxygen to re-enter the oceans and the atmosphere 500 million years ago, and the study suggests that the tiny plant and animal life forms known as plankton were key.

Thanks for posting the article though, it is quite interesting. But I get a little nervous when scientists suggest we start messing with the ocean's chemistry in an attempt to curb "man made global warming".


The study has some relevance to modern geoengineering. Scientists have begun to investigate what we can do to forestall climate change, and altering the chemistry of the oceans could help remove carbon dioxide and restore balance to the atmosphere. The ancient and humble plankton would be a necessary part of that equation, he added.

bobgnote
02-03-2014, 04:34 PM
Aw, I guess when plants multiply, verifiably, to make a theory, like plankton respiration for study, including be examination, of any historic data, the best theory is the best theory, even if the only argument is from tin-foil-hat-wearing conservaderps.

Typically, if a CO2 peak gets going, followed by oceanic acidification and volcanic activity, it'll take plankton, to get some respiration and degradation, done, for the CO2, which keeps exchanging, in water, for centuries, if it goes ballistic.

bobgnote
02-03-2014, 04:36 PM
http://theconversation.com/is-another-mass-extinction-event-on-the-way-5397



For the first time in planetary history a species has mastered combustion, first of carbon products of the biosphere, then of fossil carbon products hundreds of millions of years old. This has magnified its oxygenating capacities by many orders of magnitude.

For example, whereas human respiration uses about two to seven calories each minute, driving a car commonly uses more than 1000 calories a minute and operating a power plant more than one million calories a minute.

https://c479107.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/7994/area14mp/mqkddnfw-1329955349.jpg



The magnitude of current loss of species is portrayed in figures 3 to 5. According to the Centre for Biological Diversity:

“The human population is 6.8 billion and growing every second. The sheer force of our numbers is dominating the planet to such a degree that geologists are contemplating renaming our era the ‘Anthropocene’: the epoch where the human species is the dominant factor affecting land, air, water, soil, and species."

“We now absorb 42 percent of the planet’s entire terrestrial net primary productivity. We use 50 percent of all fresh water. We’ve transformed 50 percent of all land. We’ve changed the chemical composition of the whole biosphere and all the world’s seas, bringing on global warming and ocean acidification. Most importantly, we raised the extinction rate from a natural level of one extinction per million species per year up to 30,000 per year.

That’s three per hour.”


https://c479107.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/7992/area14mp/n59jpkmy-1329955344.jpg

--------------------

This little report was cooked up, when the Earth did not yet harbor over 7.1 billion human souls, many already worried, about becoming endangered.

Anybody remember Alfred E. Newman? What-me-derp? Yeah, you derpy, Alf.

bobgnote
02-05-2014, 04:05 PM
Surface temps are interesting, but before they go hot, off the hook, all climate affected masses have to warm, so let's try THIS:

http://qz.com/173647/climate-change-is-slowly-but-steadily-cooking-the-worlds-oceans/

The sea absorbs 90% of global warming. Reuters/Francois Lenoir


Because the ocean’s so big—it takes up more than 70% of the planet’s surface—it absorbs a lot of energy without anyone being much the wiser. Here’s a look at data for the upper 2,000 meters (1.14 miles) of the global ocean. Check out the three-month moving average for the last quarter of 2013, via the National Oceanographic Data Center, which actually goes off the chart:

http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/3M_HEAT_CONTENT/



HEY! The sea and all climate-affected masses have to warm up, before runaway surface warming, WHICH ISN'T DUE, YET, no matter how much dweebish debating over surface warming happens, during establishment of Al 'The Media Whore' Gore, as a favorite straw man, for rwnj ranters, to ramble at.

countryboy
02-05-2014, 04:13 PM
Surface temps are interesting, but before they go hot, off the hook, all climate affected masses have to warm, so let's try THIS:

http://qz.com/173647/climate-change-is-slowly-but-steadily-cooking-the-worlds-oceans/

The sea absorbs 90% of global warming. Reuters/Francois Lenoir



HEY! The sea and all climate-affected masses have to warm up, before runaway surface warming, WHICH ISN'T DUE, YET, no matter how much dweebish debating over surface warming happens, during establishment of Al 'The Media Whore' Gore, as a favorite straw man, for rwnj ranters, to ramble at.
Nice, spreading your propaganda at both forums within two minutes of each other. Same tripe copy and pasted to both sites. How many forums to you copy and paste the same shiite to there Bob? http://thepoliticsforums.com/images/smilies/rolleyes.png

bobgnote
02-06-2014, 11:07 AM
Bollide impacts begat traps eruptions, which fired up coal deposits, which begat coal fly ash, but hey, humans, burning coal and other fossil fuels and wood and brush are doing the same thing, albeit slower:

http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/is-coal-fly-ash-responsible-for-mas-11-01-23/


Burning coal is nasty business, concentrating all kinds of toxic metals and resulting in potentially deadly fly ash. That's why stretches of the Emory and Clinch rivers in Tennessee essentially died when flooded with coal ash slurry two years ago.

Now imagine that happening on an apocalyptic scale: millennia-long volcanic eruptions setting on fire--even exploding--massive coal deposits in present day Siberia. That's what some scientists think may have set off the Permian mass extinction some 250 million years ago.

Roughly 90 percent of all ocean life died as a result. It was the end for ammonites and trilobites. Life itself may have barely survived the most devastating mass extinction event known to science, hence its name: the "Great Dying." And the reason could be coal ash, according to new research published in Nature Geoscience. (Scientific American is part of the Nature Publishing Group.)

Canadian geologists have found evidence of coal char--"remarkably similar to modern coal fly ash" in their own words--in ancient Arctic rocks. Given the toxic impact of modern coal fly ash on aquatic ecosystems, the scientists suggest that the massive coal conflagration may have created toxic marine conditions the world over.

Of course, humanity is currently setting off the sixth mass extinction event in Earth's history. And a big part of that is from burning coal, both the CO2 it releases that then causes climate change as well as all that fly ash. We may just be following Mother Nature's ancient recipe.

Fire is NOT our friend, OK?

Derps in traffic are not a good, long-term investment, since hey! Stuff will catch on fire, while it rolls on. Belay the smoking and rolling, derps . . .

donttread
02-06-2014, 06:40 PM
Can someone please tell me how long
I have to let my car run to global warm this below zero winter?

Peter1469
02-06-2014, 06:48 PM
Can someone please tell me how long
I have to let my car run to global warm this below zero winter?

Just give the Statists all your money so they can fix the climate for you. You'll be OK after that.

Contrails
02-06-2014, 07:12 PM
Can someone please tell me how long
I have to let my car run to global warm this below zero winter?

http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/cold.png

countryboy
02-06-2014, 07:41 PM
http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/cold.png
Wow, a graph spanning a whole forty years. Why that's practically an eon on the geological clock, ain't it? :rolleyes:

Peter1469
02-06-2014, 09:01 PM
The warmists are becoming unhinged as more scientists stop fearing their gestapo like tactics.

bobgnote
02-07-2014, 10:53 AM
Dude. Don't get let your hyperbolae get you all worked up, so you forget you are only queen, for a day.

bobgnote
02-10-2014, 11:36 AM
Excuuuuse me, but today's rise, in atmospheric CO2 is the fastest ever, and it will be the most disastrous, ever, already:


Is another mass extinction event on the way? (http://theconversation.com/is-another-mass-extinction-event-on-the-way-5397)



The rate at which radiative forcing and temperature in the atmosphere are now rising exceeds those of previous events in the atmosphere and ocean system, excepting those associated with mass extinctions of species.


As shown in Figure 6, if we compare the current rise of more than 2ppm/year to the mean rise in atmospheric CO₂ of +0.43 ppm/year since 1750, the only recorded rise of similar magnitude occurred 55 million years ago. At this time, the release of some ~2000 GtC carbon as methane took place at a rate of ~0.1 ppm/year.


In terms of temperatures, the current rise rate of ~0.02 to 0.03 degrees Celsius/year is consistent with the fastest rates recorded in Cainozoic history (see Figure 6).


Throughout geological history many species succeeded in adapting to slow to moderate environmental changes. Some survived the most extreme environmental events. Burning the world’s fossil fuel reserves of more than 2000 GtC , analogous to the magnitude estimated for the 55 Ma-old Paleocene-Eocene Thermal event, is leading Earth’s climate and habitats into uncharted territory.


https://c479107.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/8013/width668/9999y389-1329965744.jpg


Figure 6: Summary of rates of temperature changes, temperature changes per year, CO2 changes and CO2 rates per year during Cainozoic events. Andrew Glikson


---------------------


Look! Look and see! Fast rises of atmospheric CO2 KILL ORGANISMS, and today's is the fastest, ever.

bobgnote
02-11-2014, 11:44 AM
This writer seems to know a good, sciencey subject:


http://www.democracynow.org/2014/2/11/the_sixth_extinction_elizabeth_kolbert_on




In the history of the planet, there have been five known mass extinction events.


The last came 65 million years ago, when an asteroid about half the size of Manhattan collided with the earth, wiping out the dinosaurs and bringing the Cretaceous period to an end.


Scientists way we are now experiencing the sixth extinction, with up to 50 percent of all living species in danger of disappearing by the end of the century. But unlike previous extinctions, the direct cause this time is us — human-driven climate change.


In "The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History," journalist Elizabeth Kolbert visits four continents to document the massive "die-offs" that came millions of years ago and those now unfolding before our eyes.


Kolbert explores how human activity — fossil fuel consumption, ocean acidification, pollution, deforestation, forced migration — threatens life forms of all kinds.


"It is estimated that one-third of all reef-building corals, a third of all fresh-water mollusks, a third of sharks and rays, a quarter of all mammals, a fifth of all reptiles, and a sixth of all birds are headed toward oblivion," Kolbert writes. "The losses are occurring all over: in the South Pacific and in the North Atlantic, in the Arctic and the Sahel, in lakes and on islands, on mountaintops and in valleys."



Hey, now. I wonder, if the tea-bag derps can read any of this, before the lights go out?


Tell me, what'd I say . . .

killianr1
02-11-2014, 04:11 PM
Hey, now. I wonder, if the tea-bag derps can read any of this, before the lights go out?

You are such a whiz on history, what do you think happens when any nation continues to spend more than they take in?
What do you think the core of the tea party is?

And as to the CO2 level, take a wag at the greatest impetus on increasing it. Do you even know?

anthony_butler
02-12-2014, 08:46 AM
Its scary thou, what the outcome will be of all the shit mankind does to mother nature.. and how soon we'll be able to see a big changes.

bobgnote
02-12-2014, 03:53 PM
The graph shown is of consummate interest because the last several glacial cycles are really regular, lasting 80-120K years, while CO2 bottoms out, at about 180 ppm, to peak, at around 300 ppm.

The idea that mass extinctions happened, without humans is not relevant, since humans are present, and humans are causing M.E.E.6, not only by instigating climate change-related extinctions, but by introducing and wiping out species and habitats.

If American internet mavens burn enough bandwidth, with denial adverts, liability issues may crop up, in some ICC or civil action, soon!

It seems some of the people clowning around are connected, to peTROLLeum companies, you see!

One way humans issue too much CO2 is corrupt and stupid persons waste media.

Another way is humans destroy CO2 degradation and respiration, so over time, any CO2 should degrade, but this will NOT, since it tends, to be absorbed, by oceans, which are becoming saturated and more acidic, but any absorbed CO2 is compensated, by emitted CO2.

Hey, when you fire stuff up AND burn stuff down AND poison, humans have current CO2 AND warming AND climate change AND extinctions, as an anthropogenic responsibility.

As for which humans waste the most media, to be a CO2 and any other kind of nuisance, that is obviously posses, of neo-con gits.

Peter1469
02-12-2014, 04:37 PM
Well, we certainly can't ban humans. Then we couldn't fleece them for money to fix the "crisis".

waltky
08-29-2016, 11:35 PM
Is Katla gettin' ready to erupt?...
http://www.politicalforum.com/images/smilies/confused.gif
Iceland's Katla volcano hit by unusually large earthquakes
Tuesday 30th August, 2016: Two unusually large earthquakes hit one of Iceland's biggest volcanoes early on Monday, raising concerns of a possible eruption, the Icelandic Met Office said.


The Katla volcano has not erupted properly since 1918 and scientists say it is overdue to do so, although an eruption could still be decades away. "It is quite a dynamic situation now, in the next hours and days following this, but as we speak at the moment we do not see any signs that there is an imminent hazardous unrest about to happen," Matthew Roberts, a natural hazards scientist at the Icelandic Met Office, said.

Ash from an eruption of the nearby Eyjafjallajokull volcano in 2010 shut down much of Europe's airspace for six days. Katla, in southern Iceland, was rocked by quakes of magnitude 4.5 and 4.6 overnight. The volcano sustained similar movements in 2011.

The volcano is covered by an ice cap, which should, in the event of an eruption, typically contain the lava for around 60 to 90 minutes, giving time to alert the population and international air traffic, Roberts said.

http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/iceland-s-katla-volcano-h/3083758.html