You Live To Serve The State: Eugenics

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A Review of the State: Do You Trust Government?


“Of all tyrannies, a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. It would be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent moral busybodies. The robber baron’s cruelty may sometimes sleep, his cupidity may at some point be satiated; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end for they do so with the approval of their own conscience.” - C. S. Lewis
“This and no other is the root from which a tyrant springs; when he first appears he is a protector.” - Plato
"The urge to save humanity is almost always a false front for the urge to rule." - H. L. Mencken


Eugenics



http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/images/eugenics/normal/1551-1600/1568-Unfit-Human-Traits-and-Triangle-of-Life.jpg



1893 Conference of Charities and Corrections - Doctors proclaimed that the symptoms of feeble-mindedness were more pronounced in females than in males. Women “had weaker wills, they were more easily influenced by their base sexual appetites” and “their debauchery posed a particular temptation even to normal decent men”.
IQ Tests? Lewis Terman of Stanford University, in The Measurement of Intelligence he said:
•“In the near future intelligence tests will bring tens of thousands of these high-grade defectives under surveillance and protection of society"
•“This will ultimately result in curtailing the reproduction of feeble-mindedness and in the elimination of an enormous amount of crime, pauperism, and industrial efficiency”.
•“It is hardly necessary to emphasize that the high grade cases, of the type so frequently overlooked, are precisely the ones whose guardianship is the most important for the State to assume.” uiu

Eugenics in America-



http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/10/Eugenics-Fitter-Families-Contest-Winners-Topeka-Kansas.jpg/300px-Eugenics-Fitter-Families-Contest-Winners-Topeka-Kansas.jpg



Eugenics fairs and competitions were common as a means of communities to secretly determine what families were unfit for society.
Eugenics 32 states had compulsory sterilization laws. Oregon did its last sterilization in 1981.
More than 60,000 Americans were sterilized either without their knowledge or without their consent. Considering the amount of secrecy, and considering sterilizations occurred even in states where it wasn't compulsory, it's possible and probable this number is much higher.
Children as young as 10 years old were sterilized. Relatives of victims were also targeted.

Social Darwinism and Infanticide-


Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital of Virginia in 1934-
•“Hitler is beating us at our own game”. Would your first reaction to learning of Hitler's actions be that you're not killing as many people as him?
Herbert Spencer – wrote Social Statics in 1850. In this book he denounced charity and instead championed eliminating the unfit:
•“If they are not sufficiently complete to live, they die, and it is best they should die… all imperfection must disappear.”
Havelock Ellis:
•“The superficially sympathetic man flings a coin to the beggar. The more deeply sympathetic builds an almshouse for him so that he need no longer beg; but perhaps the most radically sympathetic of all is the man who arranges that the beggar shall not be born” The Task of Social Hygiene p104
Bertrand Russell-
•“I do not pretend that birth control is the only way in which population can be kept from increasing… War… has hitherto been disappointing in this respect, but perhaps bacteriological war may prove more effective. If a Black Death could be spread throughout the world once in every generation survivors could procreate freely without making the world too full… The state of affairs might be somewhat unpleasant, but what of that? … Really high-minded people are indifferent to happiness, especially other people’s… There are three ways of securing a society that shall be stable as regards population. The first is that of birth control, the second that of infanticide or *really destructive wars, and the third that of general misery except for a powerful minority…” The Impact of Science on Society 1953 *Not just destructive wars, but REALLY destructive wars lol
Margaret Sanger- Libertarian Myth vs Authoritarian Reality-


•“Women’s rights should be ‘autonomous, self-directed, and should not be imposed from without” – The Eugenic Value of Birth Control Propaganda, 1921 Which sounds great, right? Self-determination, equality, CHOICE. Right? Well...


•“No woman shall have the legal right to bear a child without a permit for parenthood.” From her proposed work, The American Baby Code, intended to become law.
•“We should hire three or four colored ministers, preferably with social-service backgrounds, and with engaging personalities. The most successful educational approach to the Negro is through a religious appeal. We don’t want the word to go out that we want to exterminate the Negro population, and the minister is the man who can straighten out that idea if it ever occurs to any of their more rebellious members.” Margaret Sanger’s December 19, 1939 letter to Dr. Clarence Gamble
•[Philanthropists] encourage the healthier and more normal sections of the world to shoulder the burden of unthinking and indiscriminate fecundity of others; which brings with it, as I think the reader must agree, a dead weight of human waste. Instead of decreasing and aiming to eliminate the stocks that are most detrimental to the future of the race and the world, it tends to render them to a menacing degree dominant … We are paying for, and even submitting to, the dictates of an ever-increasing, unceasingly spawning class of human beings who never should have been born at all.” - Margaret Sanger. The Pivot of Civilization, 1922. Chapter on “The Cruelty of Charity,” pages 116, 122, and 189.
•“The undeniably feeble-minded should, indeed, not only be discouraged but prevented from propagating their kind.” Margaret Sanger, quoted in Charles Valenza “Was Margaret Sanger a Racist?” Family Planning Perspectives, January-February 1985, page 44.
•“Women’s rights should be ‘autonomous, self-directed, and should not be imposed from without” – The Eugenic Value of Birth Control Propaganda, 1921 Which sounds great, right? Self-determination, equality, CHOICE. Right? Well...
•“Give dysgenic groups in our population their choice of segregation or (compulsory) sterilization.” Margaret Sanger, April 1932 Birth Control Review.
•“The most urgent problem today is how to limit and discourage the over-fertility of the mentally and physically defective.” Margaret Sanger. “The Eugenic Value of Birth Control Propaganda.” Birth Control Review, October 1921, page 5.
•“The most merciful thing that a family does to one of its infant members is to kill it.” Margaret Sanger. “The Woman Rebel”, Volume I, Number 1. Reprinted in Woman and the New Race, 1920.



Ernst Rudin-


•"The significance of Rassenhygiene [racial hygiene] did not become evident to all aware Germans until the political activity of Adolf Hitler and only through his work has our thirty-year long dream of translating Rassenhygiene into action finally become a reality. Whoever is not physically or mentally fit must not pass on his defects to his children. *The state must take care that only the fit produce children. Conversely, it must be regarded as reprehensible to withhold healthy children from the state."--at a speech to the German Society for Rassenhygiene *Your children belong to the State



John Holdren- Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the OBAMA ADMINISTRATION


•Wrote Ecoscience in the 70s, supported forced sterilization. He re-affirmed this in 1992 and 2006.



Journal of Medical Ethics - Alberto Giubilini of Monash University, Melbourne & Francesca Minerva at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne


•“Both fetuses and newborns do not have the same moral status as actual persons. Killing a newborn should be permissible in all the cases where abortion is, including cases where the newborn is not disabled.”
•“The fact that both are potential persons is morally irrelevant, merely being human is not in itself a reason for ascribing someone a right to life.”


Human Experimentation-


In the 1880s, in Hawaii, a California physician working at a hospital for lepers injected twelve young girls under the age of 12 with syphilis.

Grodin, Michael A. & Glantz, Leonard H., ed. (1994). Children as research subjects: science, ethics, and law. Oxford University Press US





In 1895, the New York pediatrician Henry Heiman intentionally infected two "idiots", one 4-year-old and one 16-year old—with gonorrhea as part of a medical experiment. A review of the medical literature of the late 19th and early 20th century found that there were more than forty reports of experimental infections with gonorrheal culture, including some where gonorrheal organisms were applied to the eyes of sick children.

Lederer, Susan E. (1997). Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America Before the Second World War. JHU Press
Shamoo, Adil E.; Resnik, David B. (2009). Responsible Conduct of Research. Oxford University Press US

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Human Experimentation (Continued)-



In 1900, U.S Army doctors in the Philippines infected five prisoners with bubonic plague and induced beriberi in 29 prisoners; four of the test subjects died as a result.
In 1906, Professor Richard Strong of Harvard University intentionally infected 24 Filipino prisoners with cholera, which had somehow become infected with plague. He did this without the consent of the patients, and without informing them what he was doing. All of the subjects became sick, and thirteen died.

Hornblum, Allen M. (1998). Acres of skin: human experiments at Holmesburg Prison : a story of abuse and exploitation in the name of medical science. Routledge.
Hornblum, Allen M. (2007). Sentenced to Science: One Black Man's Story of Imprisonment in America. The Pennsylvania State University Press
Cina, Stephen J.; Perper, Joshua A. (2010). When Doctors Kill. Springer
Germ War: The U.S. Record http://www.counterpunch.org/1999/06/15/germ-war-the-us-record/ 1906-1940


The Pellagra Incident -Millions die from Pellagra over a span of several decades. The U.S. Public Health Service finally acted to stem the disease in 1935. The director of the agency admits it had known for at least 20 years that Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed to act since most of the deaths occurred within poverty-stricken black populations.
Between 1915 and 1916, over 100,000 people died in the U.S. South from this disease. In 1915, the U.S. Surgeon General, Joseph Fishman ordered a study done on Pellagra. It was conducted on U.S. prisoners and was found to be a result of their diet - specifically lack of niacin in the body. However, this information wasn't revealed to the public until 1935! Why? The director of the U.S. Public Health Service, Hugh S. Cumming, stated that they knew about the cure for twenty years and did nothing about it because most deaths from Pellagra only occurred in poor, black populations.

“Epidemiologists Explain Pellagra: Gender, Race, and Political Economy in the Work of Edgar Sydenstricker” By Harry M. Marks p 50 (based on the report of Surgeon General Hugh Cumming to President Warren G. Harding)


In 1908, three Philadelphia researchers infected dozens of children with tuberculin at the St. Vincent's House orphanage in Philadelphia, causing permanent blindness in some of the children, and painful lesions and inflammation of the eyes in many of the other children. In the study, they referred to the children as "material used".

Roger Cooter. In the Name of the Child. Routledge(1992) pp. 104–105


In 1909, F. C. Knowles released a study describing how he had deliberately infected two children in an orphanage with Molluscum contagiosum after an outbreak in the orphanage, in order to study the disease.
[*=1]Grodin, Michael A. & Glantz, Leonard H., ed. (1994). Children as research subjects: science, ethics, and law. Oxford University Press US
In 1911, Dr. Hideyo Noguchi of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research injected 146 hospital patients, some of whom were children with syphilis. He was later sued by the parents of some of the child subjects, who allegedly contracted syphilis as a result of his experiments.
[*=1]Reviews and Notes: History of Medicine: Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America before the Second World War, Annals of Internal Medicine, American College of Physicians, July 15, 1995 vol. 123 no. 2 159
1931 Dr. Cornelius Rhoads of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer cells. In a letter he admitted to writing, Dr. Rhoads stated: “The Porto Ricans (sic) are the dirtiest, laziest, most degenerate and thievish race of men ever to inhabit this sphere. They are even lower than the Italians. I have done my best to further the process of extermination by killing off eight and transplanting cancer into several more... All physicians take delight in the abuse and torture of the unfortunate subjects.” He later went on to establish the U.S. Army Biological Warfare facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama. He was also named to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. While there he began a series of radiation exposure experiments on American soldiers and civilian hospital patients.
[*=1]“Puerto Ricans Outraged Over Secret Medical Experiments” Carmelo Ruiz-Marrero. Inter Press Service
[*=1]Truman Clark, Puerto Rico and the United States 1917–1933 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1975), 152–53, 154; see also Thomas Matthews, La Política puertorriqueña y el nuevo trato, trans. Antonio J. Colorado, 2nd ed. (Río Piedras: Universidad de Puerto Rico, Editorial Universitaria, 1975), 41–42; and Luis Angel Ferrao, Pedro Albizu-Campos y el nacionalismo puertorriqueño (San Juan: Editorial Cultural, 1990), 77–79
The Tuskegee syphilis experiment was a clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama, by the U.S. Public Health Service. In the experiment, 600 poor black males, 399 who had already contracted syphilis, and 201 without it, were offered "treatment" by the researchers, who told the test subjects that they were treating them for the disease, but in reality did nothing—even though they possessed penicillin, which was known to cure the deadly disease at the time—so that they could observe the effects of syphilis on the human body. By the end of the study in 1972, only 74 of the test subjects were alive. Twenty-eight of the original 399 men had died of syphilis, 100 were dead of related complications, 40 of their wives had been infected, and 19 of their children were born with congenital syphilis. The study was not shut down until 1972, when its existence was leaked to the press, forcing the researchers to stop in the face of public outcry.
[*=1]Dr. John Heller of the Department of Public Health Service said: “"The men's status did not warrant ethical debate. They were subjects, not patients; clinical material, not sick people."
[*=1]“Impact on Healthcare” Tuskegee University www.tuskegee.edu/impactonhealthcare (http://www.tuskegee.edu/impactonhealthcare)
1940 -Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in order to study the effects of new and experimental drugs to combat the disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at Nuremberg cite this American study to defend their own actions during the Holocaust.

Annas, George J.; Grodin, Michael A. (1995). The Nazi doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation. Oxford University Press.
Hornblum, Allen M. (1998). Acres of skin: human experiments at Holmesburg Prison : a story of abuse and exploitation in the name of medical science. Routledge.


In 1941, at the University of Michigan, doctors Francis and Salk and other researchers deliberately infected patients at several Michigan mental institutions with the influenza virus by spraying the virus into their nasal passages. Francis Rous, editor of the Journal of Experimental Medicine wrote the following to Francis regarding the experiments:

"It may save you much trouble if you publish your paper ... elsewhere than in the Journal of Experimental Medicine. The Journal is under constant scrutiny by the anti-vivisectionists who would not hesitate to play up the fact that you used for your tests human beings of a state institution. That the tests were wholly justified goes without saying."
Meiklejohn, Gordon N., M.D. "Commission on Influenza." in Histories' of the Commissions Ed. Theodore E. Woodward, M.D., The Armed Forced Epidemiological Board, 1994
Lesser Harms: The Morality of Risk in Medical Research by Sidney A Halpern, University of Chicago Press, 2006, pp109-113


In 1941 Dr. William C. Black inoculated a twelve month old baby "offered as a volunteer" with herpes. He submitted his research to The Journal of Experimental Medicine and it was rejected on ethical grounds, but the Journal of Pediatrics published it. The editor of the Journal of Experimental Medicine, Francis Payton Rous, called the experiment "an abuse of power, an infringement of the rights of an individual, and not excusable because the illness which followed had implications for science."

Black WC (February 1942). "The Etiology of Acute Infectious Gingivostomatitis (Vincent's Stomatitis)". The Journal of Pediatrics 20 (2): 145–60

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Human Experimentation (Continued)-


The Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Study was a controlled study of the effects of malaria on the prisoners of Stateville Penitentiary near Joliet, Illinois beginning in the 1940s. The study was conducted by the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago in conjunction with the United States Army and the State Department. At the Nuremberg trials, Nazi doctors cited the malaria experiments as part of their defense. The study continued at Stateville Penitentiary for 29 years. In related studies from 1944 to 1946, Dr. Alf Alving, a professor at the University of Chicago Medical School, purposely infected psychiatric patients at the Illinois State Hospital with malaria, so that he could test experimental malaria treatments on them.

Annas & Grodin p267
Hornblum p76


1942 Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 using Seventh Day Adventists as human guinea pigs. (Seventh Day Adventists believe in non-violence and are therefore of no use to the State)
From 1946 to 1953, at the Walter E. Fernald State School in Massachusetts, in an experiment sponsored by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the Quaker Oats corporation, 73 mentally disabled children were fed oatmeal containing radioactive calcium and other radioisotopes, in order to track "how nutrients were digested". The children were not told that they were being fed radioactive chemicals and were told by hospital staff and researchers that they were joining a "science club"
Immediately after World War II, researchers at Vanderbilt University gave 829 pregnant mothers in Tennessee what they were told were "vitamin drinks" that would improve the health of their babies, but were, in fact, mixtures containing radioactive iron, to determine how fast the radioisotope crossed into the placenta. At least three children are known to have died from the experiments, from cancers and leukemias. Four of the women's babies died from cancers as a result of the experiments, and the women experienced rashes, bruises, anemia, hair/tooth loss, and cancer.
In a 1946 to 1948 study in Guatemala, U.S. researchers used prostitutes to infect prison inmates, insane asylum patients, and Guatemalan soldiers with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases, in order to test the effectiveness of penicillin in treating sexually transmitted diseases. They later tried infecting people with "direct inoculations made from syphilis bacteria poured into the men's penises and on forearms and faces that were slightly abraded . . . or in a few cases through spinal punctures". Approximately 700 people were infected as part of the study. The study was sponsored by the Public Health Service, the National Institutes of Health and the Pan American Health Sanitary Bureau and the Guatemalan government. The team was led by John Cutler, who later participated in the Tuskegee syphilis experiments. Cutler chose to do the study in Guatemala because he would not have been permitted to do it in the United States.

"U.S. sorry for Guatemala syphilis experiment". CBC News. October 1, 2010. http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2010/10/01/syphilis-guatemala.html.
Rob Stein (October 1, 2010). "U.S. apologizes for newly revealed syphilis experiments done in Guatemala". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/01/AR2010100104457.html?hpid=topnews.
"US sorry over deliberate sex infections in Guatemala". BBC News. October 1, 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-11454789.
Chris McGreal (October 1, 2010). "US says sorry for 'outrageous and abhorrent' Guatemalan syphilis tests". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/oct/01/us-apology-guatemala-syphilis-tests.


Between 1948 and 1954, funded by the federal government, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Hospital inserted radium rods into the noses of 582 Baltimore, Maryland schoolchildren as an alternative to adenoidectomy. Similar experiments were performed on over 7,000 U.S. Army and Navy personnel during World War II. It went on to become a standard medical treatment and was used in over two and a half million Americans.
In 1950, in order to conduct a simulation of a biological warfare attack, the US Navy used airplanes to spray large quantities of the bacteria Serratia Marcescens over the city of San Francisco, California, which caused numerous citizens to contract pneumonia-like illnesses, and killed at least one person. The family of the man who was killed sued for gross negligence, but a federal judge ruled in favor of the government in 1981. Serratia tests were continued until at least 1969.
Also in 1950, Dr. Joseph Stokes of the University of Pennsylvania deliberately infects 200 women prisoners with viral hepatitis.
In the 1950s, researchers at the Medical College of Virginia performed experiments on severe burn victims, most of them poor and black, without their knowledge or consent, with funding from the Army and in collaboration with the AEC. In the experiments, the subjects were exposed to additional burning, experimental antibiotic treatment, and injections of radioactive isotopes. The amount of radioactive phosphorus-32 injected into some of the patients, 500 microcuries, was 50 times the "acceptable" dose for a healthy individual; for people with severe burns, this likely led to significantly increased death rates.
In 1955, the CIA conducted a biological warfare experiment where they released whooping cough bacteria from boats outside of Tampa Bay, Florida, causing a whooping cough epidemic in the city, and killing at least 12 people.

Blum, William (2006). Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower. Zed Books. pp. 150–151.
Michael Parenti, The Sword and the Dollar: Imperialism, Revolution, and the Arms Race, St. Martins Press, 1989, pp.74–81
“Biological Warfare and the National Security State: A Chronology” by Tom Burghardt
http://www.globalresearch.ca/biological-warfare-and-the-national-security-state/14708


From approximately 1951 to 1974, the Holmesburg State Prison in Pennsylvania was the site of extensive dermatological research operations, using prisoners as subjects. Led by Dr. Albert M. Kligman of the University of Pennsylvania, the studies were performed on behalf of Dow Chemical Company, the U.S. Army, and Johnson & Johnson. In one of the studies, for which Dow Chemical paid Kligman $10,000, Kligman injected dioxin—a highly toxic, carcinogenic component of Agent Orange, which Dow was manufacturing for use in Vietnam at the time—into 70 prisoners (most of them black). The prisoners developed severe lesions which went untreated for seven months. Dow Chemical wanted to study the health effects of dioxin and other herbicides, and how they affect human skin, because workers at their chemical plants were developing chloracne. In the study, Kligman applied roughly the amount of dioxin Dow employees were being exposed to. In 1980 and 1981, some of the people who were used in this study sued Professor Kligman for a variety of health problems, including lupus and psychological damage. Kligman later continued his dioxin studies, increasing the dosage of dioxin he applied to 10 prisoners' skin to 7,500 micrograms of dioxin, which is 468 times the dosage that the Dow Chemical official Gerald K. Rowe had authorized him to administer. As a result, the prisoners developed inflammatory pustules and papules. The Holmesburg program also paid hundreds of inmates a nominal stipend to test a wide range of cosmetic products and chemical compounds, whose health effects were unknown at the time. Upon his arrival at Holmesberg, Kligman is claimed to have said "All I saw before me were acres of skin ... It was like a farmer seeing a fertile field for the first time". It was reported in a 1964 issue of Medical News that 9 out of 10 prisoners at Holmesburg Prison were medical test subjects. In 1967, the U.S. Army paid Kligman to apply skin-blistering chemicals to the faces and backs of inmates at Holmesburg to, in Kligman's words, "learn how the skin protects itself against chronic assault from toxic chemicals, the so-called hardening process."

[Captain Obvious]

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From the 1950s to 1972, mentally disabled children at the Willowbrook State School in Staten Island, New York were intentionally infected with viral hepatitis, in research whose purpose was to help discover a vaccine. From 1963 to 1966, Saul Krugman of New York University promised the parents of mentally disabled children that their children would be enrolled into Willowbrook in exchange for signing a consent form for procedures that he claimed were "vaccinations." In reality, the procedures involved deliberately infecting children with viral hepatitis by feeding them an extract made from the feces of patients infected with the disease.

Frederick Adolf Paola, Robert Walker, Lois Lacivita Nixon, ed. (2009). Medical Ethics and Humanities. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 185–186
Hammer Breslow, Lauren. "The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act of 2002: The Rise of the Voluntary Incentive Structure and Congressional Refusal to Require Pediatric Testing", Harvard Journal of Legislation, Vol. 40
Offit, Paul A. (2007). The Cutter Incident: How America's First Polio Vaccine Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis


In 1952, Sloan-Kettering Institute researcher Chester M. Southam injected live cancer cells into prisoners at the Ohio State Prison. Half of the prisoners in this NIH-sponsored study were black. Also at Sloan-Kettering, 300 healthy women were injected with live cancer cells without being told. The doctors stated that they knew at the time that it might cause cancer.
In a 1953 operation called "Green Run", the AEC dropped iodine-131 and xenon-133 over a 500,000-acre area which contained three small towns near the Hanford site in Washington.
In 1953, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission ran several studies on the health effects of radioactive iodine in newborns and pregnant women at the University of Iowa. In one study, researchers gave pregnant women from 100 to 200 microcuries of iodine-131, in order to study the women's aborted embryos in an attempt to discover at what stage, and to what extent, radioactive iodine crosses the placental barrier. In another study, they gave 25 newborn babies (who were under 36 hours old and weighed from 5.5 to 8.5 lbs) iodine-131, either by oral administration or through an injection, so that they could measure the amount of iodine in their thyroid glands. In another AEC study, researchers at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine fed iodine-131 to 28 healthy infants through a gastric tube to test the concentration of iodine in the infants' thyroid glands. In 1953, the AEC sponsored a study to discover if radioactive iodine affected premature babies differently from full-term babies. In the experiment, researchers from Harper Hospital in Detroit orally administered iodine-131 to 65 premature and full-term infants who weighed from 2.1 to 5.5 lb.

Goliszek, Andrew (2003). In The Name of Science. New York: St. Martin's Press. Pp132-134


In 1956 and 1957, several U.S. Army biological warfare experiments were conducted on the cities of Savannah, Georgia and Avon Park, Florida. In the experiments, Army bio-warfare researchers released millions of uninfected mosquitoes on the two towns, in order to see if the insects could potentially spread yellow fever and dengue fever. Hundreds of residents contracted a wide array of illnesses, including fevers, respiratory problems, stillbirths, encephalitis, and typhoid. Army researchers pretended to be public health workers, so that they could photograph and perform medical tests on the victims. Several people died as a result of the experiments.
In a study at the Walter E. Fernald State School, in 1956, researchers gave mentally disabled children radioactive calcium orally and intravenously. They also injected radioactive chemicals into malnourished babies and then pushed needles through their skulls, into their brains, through their necks, and into their spines to collect cerebrospinal fluid for analysis.

Goliszek p253


Between 1960 and 1971, the Department of Defense funded non-consensual whole body radiation experiments on poor, black cancer patients, who were not told what was being done to them. Patients were told that they were receiving a "treatment" that might cure their cancer, but in reality the Pentagon was attempting to determine the effects of high levels of radiation on the human body. One of the doctors involved in the experiments, Robert Stone, was worried about litigation by the patients, so he only referred to them by their initials on the medical reports. He did this so that, in his words, "there will be no means by which the patients can ever connect themselves up with the report", in order to prevent "either adverse publicity or litigation".
From 1960 to 1971, Dr. Eugene Saenger, funded by the Defense Atomic Support Agency, performed whole body radiation experiments on more than 90 poor, black Americans. He forged consent forms, and did not tell them what he was doing (they thought they were receiving medical care). He exposed their chests to 100 rads of radiation (the equivalent of about 7500 x-rays), which caused intense pain, vomiting, and bleeding from their nose and ears. At least eight, and as many as 20, of the subjects died as a result of the experiments.

LeBaron, Wayne D. (1998). America's nuclear legacy. Nova Publishers. pp. 99–100.
Thomas H. Maugh II, "Eugene Saenger, 90; physician conducted pivotal studies on effects of radiation exposure", Los Angeles Times, October 6, 2007 (Retrieved February 18, 2010)
"Human Experiments: Before the Nazi Era and After” by David J. Rothman


In 1961 and 1962, ten Utah State Prison inmates had blood samples taken which were then mixed with radioactive chemicals and reinjected back into their bodies.

LeBaron, Wayne D. p 105


From 1963 to 1973, a leading endocrinologist, Dr. Carl Heller, irradiated the testicles of Oregon and Washington prisoners. In return for their participation, he gave them $5 a month, and $100 when they had to receive a vasectomy upon conclusion of the trial. The surgeon who sterilized the men said that it was necessary to "keep from contaminating the general population with radiation-induced mutants". One of the researchers who had worked with Heller on the experiments, Dr. Joseph Hamilton, said that the experiments "had a little of the Buchenwald touch".

Cockburn, Alexander; Jeffrey St. Clair (1998). Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press. New York: Verso. pp. 157–159


In 1962, twenty-two elderly patients at the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital in Brooklyn, New York were injected with live cancer cells by Chester M. Southam, who in 1952 had done the same to prisoners at the Ohio State Prison, in order to "discover the secret of how healthy bodies fight the invasion of malignant cells". The administration of the hospital attempted to cover the study up, but the New York State medical licensing board ultimately placed Southam on probation for one year. Two years later, the American Cancer Society elected him as their Vice President.

Loue, Sana (2000). Textbook of Research Ethics: Theory and Practice. Springer pp26-29


In 1963, University of Washington researchers irradiated the testes of 232 prisoners to determine the effects of radiation on testicular function. When these inmates later left prison and had children, at least four of them had offspring born with birth defects. The exact number is unknown because researchers never followed up on the status of the subjects.

Goliszek, pp119, 138


“During an October 29, 1942 meeting of The Committee on Medical Research of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, the committee stated that “experiments on human beings are both desirable and necessary in certain types of research related to the war effort.” P119


Officials were concerned for two reasons:
1 If personnel were killed or disabled by exposure, keeping the project secret would be impossible and the bomb-making schedule would be jeopardized.
2 If excessive radioactivity were to escape and spread beyond the production facilities, it might be detected through adverse health effects and therefore compromise the project’s secrecy as well.
During a May 23, 1950 Committee on Medical Research meeting “The Committee on Medical Sciences endorses the view that is essential to obtain all necessary scientific information concerning radiation doses and the effect on man by all means of biological experimentation, as promptly as possible, including if necessary human experiments under established principles of such experiments.” P120

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Human Experimentation (Continued)-


In 1961 Harvard doctors felt it was overreaching to expect them to get consent to perform human experiments. P121
In 1966, the U.S. Army released the harmless* Bacillus globigii into the tunnels of the New York subway system as part of a field study called A Study of the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers in New York City to Covert Attack with Biological Agents. The Chicago subway system was also subject to a similar experiment by the Army *harmless to those with healthy immune systems

Blum, pp150-151
Moreno. p 234
Cina & Perper p. 95
Wheelis, Mark;Rózsa, Lajos; Dando, Malcolm (2006). Deadly cultures: biological weapons since 1945. Harvard University Press. pp. 27–28.
"How the U.S. Government Exposed Thousands of Americans to Lethal Bacteria to Test Biological Warfare". Democracynow.org. 2005-07-13. http://www.democracynow.org/2005/7/13/how_the_u_s_government_exposed





In a 1967 study that was published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, pregnant women were injected with radioactive cortisol to see if it would cross the placental barrier and affect the fetuses.

Goliszek. pp223-225






Food for thought-

Israel Forcibly Injected African Immigrants-

http://www.forbes.com/sites/eliseknutsen/2013/01/28/israel-foribly-injected-african-immigrant-women-with-birth-control/


"African nations are forced to accept as a precondition for funding, family planning and all its attendant projects -abortion, contraception, sex education etc. A lot of money is expended by Western agencies, particularly Planned Parenthood of America, on contraceptives for Africa... In villages where there is no portable water, no electricity, and no health care services, the major concern of these world population control agencies is not development but family planning clinics" - African Caucus, Report on negative effects of population control on Africa Testimony on International Population Control Activities, 12 April 1994, sponsored by Population Research Institute

Rockefeller Foundation President's Review and 5 Year Annual Report p51-


"...several types of drugs are known to diminish male fertility, but those that have been tested have serious problems of toxicity. Very little work is in progress on immunological methods, such as vaccines, to reduce fertility, and much more research is required if a solution is to be found here.”

World Bank - 1984 World Development Report -


“Male and female sterilization and IUDs can be made more readily available through mobile facilities (such as sterilization vans in Thailand) or periodic “camps” (such as vasectomy and tubectomy-camps in India and IUD “safaris” in Indonesia).”


Pepsi Fetal Cells?
http://www.naturalnews.com/035276_Pepsi_fetal_cells_business_operations.html (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.naturalnews.com/035276_Pepsi_fetal_cells_business_operations.html&lang=en)
After birth abortion-
http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2012/03/01/medethics-2011-100411.full (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2012/03/01/medethics-2011-100411.full&lang=en)
US gov infected Guatemalans-
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/01/AR2010100107299.htm (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/01/AR2010100107299.html&lang=en)
Advocacy- Put contraceptives in water supply, why not?
http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20120212/OPINION03/202120303/Michigan-breeding-poverty (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20120212/OPINION03/202120303/Michigan-breeding-poverty&lang=en)
NC compensates victims for being sterilized without their knowledge-
http://www.allgov.com/news/controversies/north-carolina-agrees-to-compensate-sterilized-welfare-recipients?news=843875 (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.allgov.com/news/controversies/north-carolina-agrees-to-compensate-sterilized-welfare-recipients?news=843875&lang=en)
Tens of millions of pounds of UK aid money have been spent on a program that has forcibly sterilised Indian women and men-
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/15/uk-aid-forced-sterilisation-india (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/15/uk-aid-forced-sterilisation-india&lang=en)
100 women left in field to recuperate-
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/mass-sterilization-india_n_2638490.html (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/mass-sterilization-india_n_2638490.html&lang=en)
Cars for sterilization-
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13982031 (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13982031&lang=en)
Eugenics in 50 states-
http://www.uvm.edu/~lkaelber/eugenics/ (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.uvm.edu/~lkaelber/eugenics/&lang=en)
Forced sterilization-
http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/madhya-pradesh-forced-sterilisation/1/173625.html (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/madhya-pradesh-forced-sterilisation/1/173625.html&lang=en)
EPA sued in court over illegal human testing-
http://epahumantesting.com/2012/09/24/epa-sued-in-federal-court-over-illegal-human-testing/ (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://epahumantesting.com/2012/09/24/epa-sued-in-federal-court-over-illegal-human-testing/&lang=en)
Patient denied care over carbon footprint-
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/9184693/Surgery-bans-elderly-patient-over-her-carbon-footprint.html (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/9184693/Surgery-bans-elderly-patient-over-her-carbon-footprint.html&lang=en)
The Tuskegee Project; targeting blacks with biological agents and experimentation
http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2002/jul/tuskegee/
Germany the role of propaganda-
http://www2.facinghistory.org/campus/rm.nsf/0/A8CF542A820AD29D852570370063DB8A (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www2.facinghistory.org/campus/rm.nsf/0/A8CF542A820AD29D852570370063DB8A&lang=en)
Eugenics and Physical Anthropology-
http://www.understandingrace.org/history/science/eugenics_physical.html (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.understandingrace.org/history/science/eugenics_physical.html&lang=en)
John Holdren -direct quotes-
http://zombietime.com/john_holdren/ (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://zombietime.com/john_holdren/&lang=en)
Army secret Cold War experiments on citizens of St Louis-
http://www.ksdk.com/news/article/339573/3/I-Team-The-Armys-secret-Cold-War-experiments-on-St-Louisans- (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.ksdk.com/news/article/339573/3/I-Team-The-Armys-secret-Cold-War-experiments-on-St-Louisans-&lang=en)
Symposium on Eugenics
http://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/Womenswork.pdf (https://www.gmx.com/dereferrer/?target=http://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/Womenswork.pdf&lang=en)
Jaffe Memo-

http://www.jillstanek.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/jaffe-memo.png


I leave you with this- What is the real purpose of politics?
"The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed -- and hence clamorous to be led to safety -- by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary.“ H.L. Mencken

Can you really, safely assume that the state's machinations are not diabolical?

[nathanbforrest45]

It ain't conservatives behind all this folks

[Chris]

It ain't conservatives behind all this folks

Eugenics was part of the progressive movement back early last century. It was an argument then about personhood and who qualified to procreate. Progressive eugenics was then adopted by the Nazis in their arguments about master race and exterminating others like the Jews. The same personhood argument was again picked up by progressives to defend abortion. --I have all this documented on the forum somewhere.

[iustitia]

I suppose it all depends on your definition of conservative. The Progressive era was a funny one. post-millenialist Christians, socialists, and imperialists would collude in more ways than one.

[Mini Me]

Eugenics started out with good intentions, but there were those who took it too far.

But ask yourself this question:

Should not something be done to stop millions of breeders popping out welfare rats? If so, then what is it?
It can be shown that legalized abortion slowed down the crime rate years after its inception.

There must be a way to prevent future Charles Mansons, Night Stalkers, crackheads, pinheads and meth monsters. If we don't it will destroy our society! Already is!

[Chris]

Eugenics started out with good intentions, but there were those who took it too far.

But ask yourself this question:

Should not something be done to stop millions of breeders popping out welfare rats? If so, then what is it?
It can be shown that legalized abortion slowed down the crime rate years after its inception.

There must be a way to prevent future Charles Mansons, Night Stalkers, crackheads, pinheads and meth monsters. If we don't it will destroy our society! Already is!




It can be shown that legalized abortion slowed down the crime rate years after its inception.

OK, let's see a direct causal relationship demonstrated.

[Chris]

I suppose it all depends on your definition of conservative. The Progressive era was a funny one. post-millenialist Christians, socialists, and imperialists would collude in more ways than one.


That is true but there seems to be this long line of progressive interest in the personhood argument and eugenics--right on up to today, OBAMA’S RACIAL EUGENICS AWARD? (http://spectator.org/articles/56943/obama%E2%80%99s-racial-eugenics-award):


Feminist icon Gloria Steinem has received America’s highest honor. President Obama bestowed upon Steinem the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In so doing, he honored the work of not only Steinem but Margaret Sanger, liberalism’s iconic racial eugenicist. Celebrating her award at the National Press Club, Steinem said she hoped Obama’s action would be “honoring the work of Margaret Sanger.”

It indeed has done just that.

Margaret Sanger longed for a more enlightened time when birth control would be (as she put it) “part of the regular welfare service of the government.” In this, she was inspired by Stalin’s Soviet Union — literally. In 1934, she undertook a fact-finding pilgrimage to Moscow, where she, like many American progressives, believed the Bolshevik government might well have discovered the Brave New World. Many American progressives — public education father John Dewey among them — thought the Soviets were perhaps merely a few steps ahead of us. We needed to look there. We needed to go there....

...Margaret Sanger not only championed Bolshevik birth control services, she also championed racial eugenics. The Planned Parenthood matron wanted to advance what she called “racial health” and “race improvement” in America. She lamented America’s “race of degenerates.” This meant purging the landscape of its “human weeds” and “the dead weight of human waste.” This included the “feeble-minded,” the “imbeciles,” the “morons,” and the “idiots,” but it also included a “Negro Project” that Margaret had in mind for another group of Americans....

Add the Klan to the list of those deeply grateful for Sanger’s work. They were so grateful that the boys in the white hoods invited the progressive heroine to one of their celebrations. They asked her to speak at one of their rallies. Sanger accepted. She addressed her brethren at a KKK rally in Silver Lake, New Jersey, in 1926.

What do Barack Obama and Gloria Steinem think of that? Like most leftists, either they’re totally ignorant of the fact or they look the other way as they extol the magnificence of Sanger’s other “achievements” that outweigh the more sinister ones in their ever-evolving progressive calculus....

[lynn]

As it is right now, half of the 4 millions births each year are born to women on Medicaid. If they were all sterilized, we could reduce the population.

[Mini Me]

OK, let's see a direct causal relationship demonstrated.

Just look at a graph of the crime rate the last 50 years, and google the topic. 50 million aborted fetuses that most likely would have become welfare rat hood culture were prevented.

[Chris]

Just look at a graph of the crime rate the last 50 years, and google the topic. 50 million aborted fetuses that most likely would have become welfare rat hood culture were prevented.

Come on, causal relationship.

[iustitia]

I'm surprised by the casual discussion of 50 million abortions and 60,000 forced sterilizations.

[Mini Me]

I'm surprised by the casual discussion of 50 million abortions and 60,000 forced sterilizations.

Joseph Stalin said: "One death is a tradjedy. A million deaths is just a statistic"

Fetuses aren't people.

[Chris]

Joseph Stalin said: "One death is a tradjedy. A million deaths is just a statistic"

Fetuses aren't people.



^^The personhood argument.

[junie]

What Is Norplant's Effect On Reproductive Freedom?



The development of new methods of contraception enhances the reproductive freedom of women and men. Because not every contraceptive will suit a given individual's particular health needs or life circumstances, it is important to have available a range of safe and effective contraceptive options.


But this new method of birth control has also been a vehicle for infringing on the reproductive autonomy of women. Almost immediately after the FDA approved Norplant at the end of 1990, judges and legislators attempted to mandate its use by certain individual women or groups of women. Because it works automatically, is easily monitored, and cannot be removed without medical assistance, Norplant can be used more readily than other contraceptives to control women's reproduction.


How Has The Government Attempted To Use Norplant Coercively?


In several states, judges have given women convicted of child abuse or drug use during pregnancy a "choice" between using Norplant or serving time in jail. In 1991, 1992, and 1993, legislators in more than a dozen states introduced measures that, had they passed, would have coerced women to use Norplant. Some of these bills would have offered financial incentives to women on welfare to induce them to use Norplant. Other legislation would have required women receiving public assistance either to use Norplant or lose their benefits. Some bills would have forced women convicted of child abuse or drug use during pregnancy to have Norplant implanted.



What Is Wrong With Using Norplant As A Condition Of Sentencing Or Welfare Benefits?



Offering a "choice" between prison and forced contraception is unconstitutional. Such a choice violates the fundamental constitutional right to reproductive autonomy and bodily integrity by interfering with the intimate decision of whether and when to bear a child and by imposing an intrusive medical procedure on individuals who are not in a position to reject it.


Attempts to require or encourage women on welfare to use Norplant also violate the constitutional right to reproductive and bodily autonomy. The incentive plans, while not couched as requirements, are nonetheless coercive. Particularly for low-income women, the offer of money to feed, clothe, and house their families--even if it is in exchange for giving up their constitutional rights--may be difficult to refuse.


In both the judicial and legislative schemes to manipulate women into using Norplant, some women would be forced or induced to take Norplant even when it posed a danger to their health. Moreover, allowing judges and legislators to control the reproduction of some women would legitimize the role of government as an overseer of women's childbearing capacity in general.


What Attitudes Underlie Norplant's Proposed Use As A Condition Of Government Benefits Or Sentencing?



Mandating or proposing the use of long-term contraception as a "cure" for poverty is premised on and reinforces misperceptions about women in poverty. Such policies are motivated by erroneous notions that women on welfare have children indiscriminately and remain on welfare indefinitely. In fact, the average number of children in a family on welfare is 1.9 (a figure no larger than that for the general population), and in 1990 the median period for receipt of Aid to Families with Dependent Children was 23 months. Nor does mandated Norplant use really address the problems of drug use or child abuse. A woman's use of Norplant prevents conception; it does not stop her from taking drugs or abusing her children. The solution to these problems is not forced contraception but adequate drug treatment and social services to prevent and address family violence.


https://www.aclu.org/reproductive-freedom/norplant-new-contraceptive-potential-abuse


(https://www.aclu.org/reproductive-freedom/norplant-new-contraceptive-potential-abuse)

[junie]

It ain't conservatives behind all this folks



you realize it's the ACLU who fights against this stuff, right...?

[junie]

"Fetuses aren't people."


^^The personhood argument.



constitutionally speaking they are not.

surely you can fathom the legal implications of such wordplay...?


Despite the deep unpopularity of fetal personhood bills in 2012, Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) has again decided to cosponsor (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/11/paul-ryan-personhood_n_1767760.html) the Sanctity of Human Life Act, (http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr23/text) a bill that gives full legal rights to human zygotes from the moment of fertilization.

[Chris]

"Fetuses aren't people."





constitutionally speaking they are not.

surely you can fathom the legal implications of such wordplay...?


Despite the deep unpopularity of fetal personhood bills in 2012, Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) has again decided to cosponsor (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/11/paul-ryan-personhood_n_1767760.html) the Sanctity of Human Life Act, (http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr23/text) a bill that gives full legal rights to human zygotes from the moment of fertilization.



No, I don't understand the progressive personhood argument, not when argued in support of eugenics, not in support of abortion. Agree, it's pretty much just semantic gamemanship, a use of words to shirk responsibility. But I don't understand it.


What could it possibly mean, "constitutionally speaking they are not"?

[iustitia]

While morally I find abortion to be murder, the 14th Amendment protects the due process and citizenship of those under our jurisdiction, which at the time was meant to include Americans and newly-freed slaves. This is also why anchor baby law contradicts the 14th Amendment as illegal aliens and even diplomats are not under our jurisdiction. At the time of the 14th Amendment I don't believe zygotes were under consideration. However, the Amendment does grant Congress the power to define personhood. So technically, and not out of context, life may be defined as starting at conception by Congress. However, that seems too obvious. At what point can legal protection be applied to a zygote? It can't. I suggest that since a person is legally declared dead when their heart beat stops, perhaps personhood could be defined as when a heart beat starts.

[Chris]

Medical science says life begins at conception and at that point that zygote is a human being.

[iustitia]

Medical science says life begins at conception and at that point that zygote is a human being.That's... very good, Chris.

[Chris]

That's... very good, Chris.

Better than personhood beliefs.

[iustitia]

Better than personhood beliefs.Not in a republic. How do you protect the rights of zygotes?

[Chris]

Same way the equal rights of all are protected.

[iustitia]

That's not an answer...