If your battery was dead, it takes quite a while to charge it up again. You have to run the engine for at the very least 30 mins, but even then you're not fully charging the battery. So if you jumped, just took it for a quick drive and turned it off, I wouldn't be surprised if it wouldn't start the next day.
The battery might be shot, but it could be you just didn't run it long enough. But you'd probably be wise just to get a new battery for peace of mind.