...I revisit the text to draw out two somewhat unnoticed, but important, features. The first is that Jouvenel’s fundamental teaching is not (merely) that redistribution leads to bad outcomes. His primary moral teaching is that redistribution, as a matter of fact, becomes an enemy of all antecedent values. The second point is critical of Jouvenel, albeit in a friendly manner. I think that he does not appreciate how strong his first insight is. Redistributionism spares no antecedent values; it may also spare no antecedent concepts. It is possible that the goal of redistribution can infect discussions of what it means to care for the poor. The very notion of eliminating poverty is not safe from the redistributive impulse.
Jouvenel distinguishes between relief of the poor and redistributionism: “it is inherent in the very notion of society that those in direct want must be taken care of.” Indeed, it seems that unemployment benefits for subsistence “whether it be a minimum income in days of unemployment or basic medical care for which he could not have paid” is “the primary manifestation of solidarity.” Such a project is one of the primary tasks of society, as Jouvenel sees it.
Redistribution “is everything which relieves the individual of an expenditure that he could and presumably would have undertaken out of his own purse.” The many deleterious effects of redistribution are the focus of the text in question. This is not a conceptual distinction. Taxation to spare people from extreme want might do the same thing. However, Jouvenel carves out a space for aiding the needy and focuses his criticism on a different phenomenon.
...The impact of redistribution yields an interesting bipartite shift. On the economic side, it yields a shift in terms of who provides various goods and services. It is a shift from private individuals to the government. This is accompanied by a moral shift in how different institutions are valued. Once one focuses one’s concerns on the distributional patterns of wealth or income in society, entities that produce goods become vitally important. ...